{"title":"Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements","authors":"J. S. Díaz, S. E. Rigby","doi":"10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The violent eruption of the volcano at Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai island on January 15, 2022, generated an intense pressure wave registered by instruments all over the world. Using public reports posted on social media, we have used the arrival time of the first passage of the wave to measure its velocity, found to be a constant <span>\\(1114\\pm 2\\)</span> km/h (<span>\\(309\\pm 1\\)</span> m/s). An empirical pressure–distance relation that utilizes measurements from a large range of sources is used to estimate an energetic output. We find that this Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption released approximately the equivalent of 61 Mt, which is considerably larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and slightly higher than the yield of Tsar Bomba, the largest human-made explosion in history.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":775,"journal":{"name":"Shock Waves","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4.pdf","citationCount":"9","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Shock Waves","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00193-022-01092-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MECHANICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Abstract
The violent eruption of the volcano at Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai island on January 15, 2022, generated an intense pressure wave registered by instruments all over the world. Using public reports posted on social media, we have used the arrival time of the first passage of the wave to measure its velocity, found to be a constant \(1114\pm 2\) km/h (\(309\pm 1\) m/s). An empirical pressure–distance relation that utilizes measurements from a large range of sources is used to estimate an energetic output. We find that this Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption released approximately the equivalent of 61 Mt, which is considerably larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and slightly higher than the yield of Tsar Bomba, the largest human-made explosion in history.
2022年1月15日，Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha 'apai岛的火山猛烈喷发，产生了强烈的压力波，世界各地的仪器都记录了这一压力波。利用发布在社交媒体上的公开报告，我们利用波的第一次通过的到达时间来测量它的速度，发现它的速度是一个常数\(1114\pm 2\) km/h (\(309\pm 1\) m/s)。利用来自大范围源的测量的经验压力-距离关系被用来估计能量输出。我们发现Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha 'apai火山的喷发释放了大约相当于61 Mt的能量，远远大于1980年圣海伦斯火山的喷发，略高于历史上最大的人为爆炸Tsar Bomba。
期刊介绍：
Shock Waves provides a forum for presenting and discussing new results in all fields where shock and detonation phenomena play a role. The journal addresses physicists, engineers and applied mathematicians working on theoretical, experimental or numerical issues, including diagnostics and flow visualization.
The research fields considered include, but are not limited to, aero- and gas dynamics, acoustics, physical chemistry, condensed matter and plasmas, with applications encompassing materials sciences, space sciences, geosciences, life sciences and medicine.
Of particular interest are contributions which provide insights into fundamental aspects of the techniques that are relevant to more than one specific research community.
The journal publishes scholarly research papers, invited review articles and short notes, as well as comments on papers already published in this journal. Occasionally concise meeting reports of interest to the Shock Waves community are published.
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