Out of the West: Formation of a Permanent Plague Reservoir in South-Central Germany (1349–1356) and its Implications

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Philip Slavin
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引用次数: 21

Abstract

This article deals with the origins and spread of the second outbreak of fourteenth-century plague pandemic, the pestis secunda, which swept over West Eurasia and North Africa between 1356 and 1366. Unlike the Black Death, its immediate predecessor, which seems to have originated in Central Asia, the pestis secunda emerged in Central Germany, most likely in the Frankfurt region, in summer 1356. Having seeded its new reservoir, the plague radiated from Central Germany, a landlocked region, into other parts of West Eurasia and North Africa, via inland routes. The inland mode of transmission is at odds with the geographic spread of the Black Death, whereby the plague arrived in West Eurasian and North African ports via maritime trade routes. To appreciate the appearance of the Central Germany plague reservoir in the early 1350s, the wider ecological, climatic and socio-economic context of the Frankfurt region is scrutinized, on the basis of textual, palaeoclimatic and palaeogenetic evidence. Although beyond the remit of this article, it argues that the Central German reservoir may have become the origin of recurrent late-medieval and early-modern plague outbreaks.
来自西方:德国中南部永久鼠疫水库的形成(1349-1356)及其影响
这篇文章讨论了14世纪第二次瘟疫爆发的起源和传播,即1356年至1366年间席卷欧亚大陆西部和北非的鼠疫。它的前身黑死病似乎起源于中亚,与之不同的是,第二次鼠疫于1356年夏天出现在德国中部,最有可能是在法兰克福地区。在播下了新的宿主后,鼠疫从德国中部这个内陆地区,通过内陆路线向欧亚大陆西部和北非的其他地区扩散。内陆传播方式与黑死病的地理传播不一致,黑死病是通过海上贸易路线传到欧亚西部和北非港口的。为了了解1350年代早期德国中部鼠疫水库的外观,在文本、古气候和古成因证据的基础上,对法兰克福地区更广泛的生态、气候和社会经济背景进行了仔细研究。尽管超出了本文的范围,但它认为,德国中部的水库可能已经成为中世纪晚期和现代早期鼠疫复发的起源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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