Restraining ICANN: An analysis of OFAC sanctions and their impact on the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

IF 5.9 2区管理学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Telecommunications Policy Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102614

Daniel Pérez Fernández

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has long played a crucial role in coordinating some aspects of the domain name system (DNS) and managing domain names and Internet Protocol Addresses. In 2016, ICANN underwent a significant transformation when completing the IANA Transition, aimed at securing the corporation's independence from U.S. government oversight. However, while the transition marked a pivotal moment in ICANN's history, the corporation still operates within U.S. jurisdiction. This situation makes ICANN subject to compliance with the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions programs, impeding the corporation from contracting and accrediting gTLD registries and registrars from countries currently targeted by OFAC, as well as individuals or entities included in OFAC's «Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons» (SDN) list. This article explores the implications of the IANA Transition, the constraints that OFAC exerts on ICANN operations, and the complexities surrounding potential solutions to the OFAC sanctions quandary.

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限制ICANN：OFAC制裁及其对互联网名称与数字地址分配公司的影响分析

长期以来，互联网名称与数字地址分配机构(ICANN)在协调域名系统(DNS)的某些方面以及管理域名和互联网协议地址方面发挥着至关重要的作用。2016年，ICANN在完成IANA移交时进行了重大转型，旨在确保公司不受美国政府监管的独立性。然而，虽然这一过渡标志着ICANN历史上的关键时刻，但该公司仍在美国管辖范围内运营。这种情况使ICANN必须遵守美国外国资产控制办公室(OFAC)的制裁计划，阻碍了公司与OFAC目前针对的国家以及OFAC“特别指定国民和被封锁人员”(SDN)名单中包含的个人或实体签订gTLD注册管理机构和注册服务机构的合同和认证。本文探讨了IANA移交的影响、OFAC对ICANN运营施加的限制，以及围绕OFAC制裁困境的潜在解决方案的复杂性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Telecommunications Policy 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

12.50%

发文量

122

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Telecommunications Policy is concerned with the impact of digitalization in the economy and society. The journal is multidisciplinary, encompassing conceptual, theoretical and empirical studies, quantitative as well as qualitative. The scope includes policy, regulation, and governance; big data, artificial intelligence and data science; new and traditional sectors encompassing new media and the platform economy; management, entrepreneurship, innovation and use. Contributions may explore these topics at national, regional and international levels, including issues confronting both developed and developing countries. The papers accepted by the journal meet high standards of analytical rigor and policy relevance.