Sexuality and gender in school-based sex education in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland in the 1970s and 1980s

IF 1 3区历史学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES

History of the Family Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI:10.1080/1081602x.2019.1679219

K. Líšková, Natalia Jarska, Gábor Szegedi

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

ABSTRACT Was there a state-socialist model of school sex education and if so, what characterized its form and content? What shaped the specificities and divergent characteristics of each country? The paper explores and compares programs of ‘education for family life’ as these became part of state-driven reproductive politics in late stages of state socialism in three countries (Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary), with a particular focus on sexuality and gender. We analyze how sexuality was framed in these otherwise broadly understood programs, which aimed not just at discussing sex but also interpersonal relations within the family, forming the ways in which gender was to be understood, and sexuality was to be practiced. We show that school curricula for education for family life, which included sexual education, were introduced in the early 1970s in all three countries, and these programs displayed many similarities. We identify transnational influences in triggering the interest in such type of education and cross-border exchanges that shaped it further. Nevertheless, when analyzing the content of these curricula, national factors and peculiarities become visible, like the heightened focus on ‘normal’ family life in Czechoslovakia, the importance of ethnicity (Roma minority) in Hungary or religion (Catholicism) in Poland. As a result, we cannot speak of a universal model of state-socialist sex education. Methodologically, we follow the sociology of expertise that focuses on the ways in which expertise forms, links or disjoins, creating new areas of social life in need of expert intervention (Eyal, Rose, Hacking). Changes in expertise thus map onto broader social changes and analyzing the shifts in expertise can help understand societal processes of social reproduction and change. In our paper, we focus on sexological and pedagogical expertise, as these intersected on the issue of school-based sex education.

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1970年代和1980年代捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利和波兰学校性教育中的性与性别

摘要：是否存在国家社会主义的学校性教育模式？如果存在，其形式和内容的特点是什么？是什么形成了每个国家的特点和不同的特点？本文探讨并比较了三个国家（捷克斯洛伐克、波兰、匈牙利）的“家庭生活教育”计划，因为这些计划在国家社会主义后期成为国家驱动的生育政治的一部分，特别关注性和性别。我们分析了在这些被广泛理解的节目中，性是如何被框定的，这些节目不仅旨在讨论性，还旨在讨论家庭中的人际关系，形成理解性别和实践性的方式。我们发现，包括性教育在内的家庭生活教育学校课程都是在20世纪70年代初在这三个国家推出的，这些课程显示出许多相似之处。我们发现，跨国影响引发了人们对此类教育的兴趣，跨境交流进一步塑造了这种教育。然而，在分析这些课程的内容时，民族因素和特点变得显而易见，比如捷克斯洛伐克对“正常”家庭生活的高度关注，匈牙利种族（罗姆少数民族）或波兰宗教（天主教）的重要性。因此，我们不能谈论国家社会主义性教育的普遍模式。在方法论上，我们遵循专业知识社会学，该社会学侧重于专业知识的形成、联系或分离方式，创造了需要专家干预的新的社会生活领域（Eyal，Rose，Hacking）。因此，专业知识的变化反映了更广泛的社会变化，分析专业知识的转变可以帮助理解社会再生产和变化的社会过程。在我们的论文中，我们关注的是性学和教学专业知识，因为这些知识在学校性教育问题上有交叉。

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来源期刊

History of the Family Multiple-

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

10.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The History of the Family: An International Quarterly makes a significant contribution by publishing works reflecting new developments in scholarship and by charting new directions in the historical study of the family. Further emphasizing the international developments in historical research on the family, the Quarterly encourages articles on comparative research across various cultures and societies in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Rim, in addition to Europe, the United States and Canada, as well as work in the context of global history.