Nanomedicine in neuroscience: An application towards the treatment of various neurological diseases

Abstract

The effectiveness, cell viability, and selective delivery of medications and diagnostic substances to target organs, tissues, and organs are typical concerns in the care and prognosis of numerous illnesses. Neurological diseases pose complex challenges, as cerebral targeting represents a yet unresolved challenge in pharmacotherapy, owing to the blood-brain boundary, a densely compacted membrane of endothelial cells that prohibits undesired chemicals from reaching the brain. Engineered nanoparticles, components with aspects of 1–100 nm, deliver intriguing biomedicine techniques possibly allowed to fix these issues, including the ability to pass the blood-brain barrier. Nanoparticles have been substantially explored in the previous century, contributing to substantial progress in biomedical studies and medical procedures. Furthermore, the use of many synthesized nanoparticles on the molecular levels has given many potential gains in various domains of regenerative medicine, such as illness detection, cascaded cell treatment, tissue regeneration, medication, and gene editing.The recent milestone in nanotechnology is to attempt to cure various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. This review will encapsulate the novel developments of nanostructured components used in neurological diseases with an underline on the most recent discoveries and forecasts for the future of varied biological nanoparticles for tissue repair, drug inventions, and the synthesizing of the delivery mechanism.Based on the information obtained from the literature, it is concluded that nanotechnology has been considered the novel therapeutic strategy to protect and regenerate the neurons in various diseases.