Analysis of Ancient tradition of punishments in Sparta

Q4 Arts and Humanities
Лариса Гаврииловна Печатнова
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The article discusses the system of punishments used in Sparta for two offenses: for refusing to marry and for cowardice shown in battle. Ancient authors, especially Xenophon and Plutarch, give a list of punishments for these offenses. In court, the perpetrators were deprived of many of the rights directly related to the status of full citizens. Extrajudicial punishments were mostly spectacular and took place in public places. Spartan youth played a special role in the persecution of bachelors and so-called tremblers as the two main categories to be punished. However, the few testimonies that have come down to us do not make it possible to determine how often punishments for refusing to marry and for cowardice in battle were applied and how exactly they were formalised in practice. The almost complete absence in the tradition of specific examples of their application leads to the conclusion that the picture drawn by ancient authors does not fully correspond to reality. This is what Spartan propaganda wanted to present to the outside world. The writers-laconophiles, like Critias or Xenophon, in turn, used this material to create an ideal image of Sparta.
斯巴达古代刑罚传统探析
文章讨论了斯巴达对两种罪行的惩罚制度:拒绝结婚和在战斗中表现出的懦弱。古代作家,特别是色诺芬和普鲁塔克,列出了对这些罪行的惩罚。在法庭上,犯罪者被剥夺了许多与正式公民身份直接相关的权利。法外惩罚大多发生在公共场所,非常壮观。斯巴达青年在迫害单身汉和所谓的颤抖者这两类主要惩罚对象中发挥了特殊作用。然而,我们收到的为数不多的证词并不能确定对拒绝结婚和在战斗中懦弱的惩罚有多频繁,以及在实践中是如何正式化的。传统中几乎完全没有具体的应用实例,这导致了古代作者所画的画面与现实并不完全一致的结论。这就是斯巴达的宣传想要向外界展示的。作家拉科诺菲派,如克里蒂亚斯或色诺芬,反过来,使用这些材料来创造斯巴达的理想形象。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
16 weeks
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