1 Timothy 2:13–15 as an Analogy

Abstract

While 1 Tim 2:13–15 is often treated as providing three points in support of the paraeneses in vv. 11–12, this article argues that 1 Tim 2:13–15 forms an analogy that draws on the narrative sequence of Gen 2–3 to ground the commands of the preceding verses. The analogy draws a parallel between the events of the garden and the experience of the Ephesian church. It alerts them to the next step in the sequence following the transgression of Eve, which was the temptation and fall of Adam. The analogy is extended in v. 15 to show an alternative outcome whereby the Ephesian women, like Eve, may be saved from the consequences of their sin by embracing “faith, love, and holiness with propriety” as opposed to the rigors demanded by the false teachers. Rather than complete the pattern of the garden in which Eve persuaded Adam to sin, the Ephesian women are to learn peaceably, refrain from teaching the men, and submit themselves to duly appointed authorities. If the preceding verses, especially the demands of vv. 11–12, are grounded in this analogy, then it cannot be claimed that they are based on a “creation mandate,” which permanently subordinates women or forever prevents them from teaching men.