THE SILENCES SHAPING THE MEMORY OF THE MAPUCHE IN THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF CHILE

IF 0.7 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY
Ximena Vial Lecaros
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Abstract

A widespread link between the process of nation-building and the rise of museums is evident in late-nineteenth-century Latin America. The Chilean National Historical Museum (MHN) was founded in 1873 with the purpose of exhibiting the nation's heritage, beginning with the Spanish colonization. This article focuses on examining the narrative displayed in the MHN, particularly the silences surrounding the Indigenous Mapuche. It analyzes the implications this absence brings to the collective memory of the nation. Using museum catalogs, newspapers, and nineteenth-century literature, this research traces the contrast between how Indigenous and colonial artifacts are exhibited in the museum, wherein the Mapuche are framed aesthetically, therefore relegating them to the past. By stripping from them any contemporary existence, the Mapuche are relegated to an anecdote of ancient times. I document how the primary collection of the museum reproduces a narrative by which European heritage is the starting point of the nation's progress, silencing the voice of Mapuche history and hence producing a script that lacks a nuanced understanding of Chile's Indigenous reality. At a time when Chile is experiencing violent conflict in the Araucanía region, the MHN obscures Mapuche identity and inhibits a dialogue between Indigenous communities and the state. [museum, Mapuche, national identity, colonialism, Indigenous]

智利国家历史博物馆的沉默塑造了马普切人的记忆
在19世纪晚期的拉丁美洲,国家建设进程与博物馆兴起之间的广泛联系是显而易见的。智利国家历史博物馆(MHN)成立于1873年,目的是展示从西班牙殖民时期开始的国家遗产。这篇文章的重点是研究在MHN中展示的叙述,特别是围绕着土著马普切人的沉默。它分析了这种缺失给这个国家的集体记忆带来的影响。利用博物馆目录、报纸和19世纪的文献,本研究追溯了在博物馆中展出的土著和殖民文物之间的对比,其中马普切人被美学地框定,因此将它们归为过去。马普切人被剥夺了任何当代的存在,被降级为古代的轶事。我记录了博物馆的主要收藏如何再现了一种叙事,即欧洲遗产是国家进步的起点,使马普切历史的声音沉默,因此产生了一种缺乏对智利土著现实细致入微理解的剧本。当智利经历Araucanía地区的暴力冲突时,MHN模糊了马普切人的身份,并抑制了土著社区与国家之间的对话。[博物馆,马普切人,民族认同,殖民主义,土著]
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来源期刊
Museum Anthropology
Museum Anthropology ANTHROPOLOGY-
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
75.00%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: Museum Anthropology seeks to be a leading voice for scholarly research on the collection, interpretation, and representation of the material world. Through critical articles, provocative commentaries, and thoughtful reviews, this peer-reviewed journal aspires to cultivate vibrant dialogues that reflect the global and transdisciplinary work of museums. Situated at the intersection of practice and theory, Museum Anthropology advances our knowledge of the ways in which material objects are intertwined with living histories of cultural display, economics, socio-politics, law, memory, ethics, colonialism, conservation, and public education.
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