An Integrated Conceptual Framework Linking Attachment Insecurity to Increased Risk for Both Enacting and Experiencing Objectification

IF 2.5 2区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Psychology of Women Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI:10.1177/03616843231165476

Frances C. Calkins, S. Gervais, Gemma Sáez, Meredith J. Martin, M. Davidson, Rebecca L. Brock

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sexual objectification (i.e., reducing a person to their appearance, body, or sex appeal and functions) is a significant risk factor for negative health outcomes. In the present investigation, we examined multiple manifestations of objectification (i.e., objectification of others, objectification of self, and objectification by others) in an interpersonal context. We merged objectification theory with attachment theory, one of the most prominent theories of close relationships, and propose that sexual objectification can shed light on attachment processes (and vice versa). To bolster this conceptual overlap, we tested this novel, integrated framework across two independent samples of women and men including (a) a sample of 813 undergraduate students—both partnered and single—who completed self-report questionnaires of attachment security and multiple forms of objectification and (b) a sample of 159 committed couples navigating pregnancy who were observed during naturalistic interactions to assess attachment security and completed self-report questionnaires of attachment security and objectification (including partner objectification). Results from both studies demonstrate the utility of our proposed conceptual framework linking attachment insecurity to increased risk for both enacting and experiencing objectification. The most compelling evidence emerged for (a) a link between attachment anxiety and self-objectification with moderate effect sizes across both samples, and (b) an association between a less secure base within the couple relationship during pregnancy and feeling more objectified by one's partner as well as less humanized (i.e., feeling that your partner values you more for your physical attributes and less for your non-physical attributes). Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231165476.

查看原文本刊更多论文

一个将依恋不安全与实施和体验客体化风险增加联系起来的综合概念框架

性客体化（即使一个人的外表、身体或性吸引力和功能退化）是负面健康结果的一个重要风险因素。在本研究中，我们考察了在人际环境中客体化的多种表现形式（即他人客体化、自我客体化和他人客体化）。我们将客体化理论与依恋理论相结合，依恋理论是亲密关系最突出的理论之一，并提出性客体化可以揭示依恋过程（反之亦然）。为了支持这种概念上的重叠，我们测试了这部小说，跨两个独立的女性和男性样本的综合框架，包括（a）813名本科生（包括伴侣和单身）的样本，他们完成了依恋安全和多种形式的客观化的自我报告问卷；（b）159对怀孕的忠诚夫妇的样本，在自然互动中观察他们，以评估依恋安全并完成了依恋安全性和客体化（包括伴侣客体化）的自我报告问卷。这两项研究的结果都证明了我们提出的概念框架的实用性，该框架将依恋不安全与实施和体验客体化的风险增加联系起来。最令人信服的证据表明（a）依恋焦虑和自我客体化之间存在联系，两个样本的影响大小适中，和（b）怀孕期间夫妻关系中不太安全的基础与感觉伴侣更物化和不太人性化之间的联系（即感觉伴侣更看重你的身体属性，而不看重你的非身体属性）。本文的其他在线材料可在PWQ的网站上获得，网址为https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231165476.

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来源期刊

Psychology of Women Quarterly Multiple-

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Psychology of Women Quarterly (PWQ) is a feminist, scientific, peer-reviewed journal that publishes empirical research, critical reviews and theoretical articles that advance a field of inquiry, teaching briefs, and invited book reviews related to the psychology of women and gender. Topics include (but are not limited to) feminist approaches, methodologies, and critiques; violence against women; body image and objectification; sexism, stereotyping, and discrimination; intersectionality of gender with other social locations (such as age, ability status, class, ethnicity, race, and sexual orientation); international concerns; lifespan development and change; physical and mental well being; therapeutic interventions; sexuality; social activism; and career development. This journal will be of interest to clinicians, faculty, and researchers in all psychology disciplines, as well as those interested in the sociology of gender, women’s studies, interpersonal violence, ethnic and multicultural studies, social advocates, policy makers, and teacher education.