The Role of TGF-β in Cognitive Decline Associated with Radiotherapy in Brain Tumor

IF 0.4 Q4 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
G. S. S. Bindu, Dithu Thekkekkara, T. L. Narayanan, Jiju Narayanan, S. Chalasani, S. Manjula
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cognitive decline is a late adverse event in brain tumor survivors. The patients receiving radiation treatment exhibit a wide range of damage and impairment in attention, memory, and executive function compared to the untreated group. After radiation treatment, various changes are observed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, white matter, and vasculature. The major affected areas are the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Neurogenesis impairment is one of the primary mechanisms responsible for cognitive dysfunction. Various cytokines and growth factors are responsible for inducing apoptosis of neural cells, which results in impaired neurogenesis in response to radiotherapy. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is one of the key cytokines released in response to radiation. TGF-β plays a major role in neuronal apoptosis through various pathways such as the MAP kinase pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, and protein kinase pathway. In contrast, activation of the ALK5 pathway via TGF-β improves neurogenesis. So, the current review article focuses on the detailed effects of TGF-β on neuronal cells concerning radiation exposure. This in-depth knowledge will help researchers focus more on the TGF-β pathway and come up with new treatment schedules which will help reduce cognitive dysfunctions in brain tumor patients produced as a result of radiation therapy.
TGF-β在脑肿瘤放疗后认知能力下降中的作用
认知能力下降是脑肿瘤幸存者的晚期不良事件。与未治疗组相比,接受放射治疗的患者在注意力、记忆和执行功能方面表现出广泛的损伤和损害。放射治疗后,在星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、白质和血管系统中观察到各种变化。受影响的主要区域是海马体和前额叶皮层。神经发生障碍是导致认知功能障碍的主要机制之一。各种细胞因子和生长因子负责诱导神经细胞凋亡,从而导致放射治疗后神经发生受损。转化生长因子(TGF-β)是辐射反应中释放的关键细胞因子之一。TGF-β通过MAP激酶途径、JAK/STAT途径和蛋白激酶途径等多种途径在神经元凋亡中发挥重要作用。相反,通过TGF-β激活ALK5通路可改善神经发生。因此,目前的综述文章主要集中在TGF-β对辐射暴露的神经元细胞的详细影响上。这些深入的知识将有助于研究人员更多地关注TGF-β途径,并制定新的治疗方案,这将有助于减少脑肿瘤患者因放射治疗而产生的认知功能障碍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
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