Association of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease with Vitamin D Level

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association of major cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) with vitamin D level. Background: Numerous efforts have been made to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, results are still not optimal. Much consideration is set on the revelation of new, conceivably modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Vitamin D deficiency is proposed to be one such factor, and it might be related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We conducted a cross-section study on 475 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography, the participants were subjected to assessment of vitamin D level and major cardiovascular risk factors. The severity of CAD was assessed using the gensini score. Results: There were 352 (74.11%) patients, had a significant CAD. We found that vitamin D level had a significant negative correlation with the gensini score while diabetes and dyslipidemia had a significant positive correlation. The multivariate regression analysis showed that, vitamin D deficiency, diabetes, dyslipidemia, higher BMI, and ACS (p-value <0.05), were statistically significant predictors of a significant CAD. There were 184 (38.74%) patients, had vitamin D deficiency. Also, we found that diabetes and dyslipidemia had a significant negative correlation with vitamin D level. The multivariate regression analysis showed that diabetes and dyslipidemia were statistically significantly associated with low vitamin D levels (p-value 0.005 and 0.024 respectively). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency, diabetes, dyslipidemia, higher BMI, and ACS were statistically significant associated with severe CAD. Also, diabetes and dyslipidemia were statistically significant associated with vitamin D deficiency.