Development of a growing degree-day model to estimate Linaria vulgaris shoot emergence and prospects for improving biological control efforts

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES

Invasive Plant Science and Management Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI:10.1017/inp.2022.6

S. Blatt, R. De Clerck-Floate, S. White

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.; Scrophulariaceae) is an invasive herbaceous perennial weed of agricultural and natural habitats throughout North America. In pastures or native rangelands, use of biological control is an attractive option, particularly if the agent can be established quickly. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a stem-galling weevil, was first released in Canada in 2014 to evaluate its potential to control L. vulgaris. Rhinusa pilosa requires young, vigorously growing shoots to establish. Ability to estimate when adequate shoots will be available could inform release timing, thus improving establishment success. There is currently no growing degree-day (GDD) model for L. vulgaris. Our main objective was to develop a GDD model for the emergence of L. vulgaris shoots and discuss the utility of such a model in relation to the establishment of R. pilosa in Nova Scotia. Four sites containing five randomly placed 1-m2 quadrats were monitored for the emergence of L. vulgaris shoots twice weekly in spring to summer 2017 and 2018 by recording number of shoots and shoots with flower buds. A GDD (Tbase 2 C) model for shoot emergence of L. vulgaris was developed and validated using independent shoot emergence data. Shoots emerged in the spring between 124 and 244 GDD with 90% of all shoots emerged between 681 and 1,117 GDD. Model estimation for the initiation of shoot emergence was 74 GDD, with 10%, 50%, and 90% shoot emergence estimated to occur at 179, 409, and 811 GDD, respectively. Rhinusa pilosa adults were released in 2016 (three sites) and 2017 (one site), and number of shoots with galls was recorded. Galls were observed in all three sites in 2016 and in three of the four sites in 2017, with none found in 2018. Timing of release and soil moisture are discussed as factors affecting establishment of R. pilosa in Nova Scotia.

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利用生长度数日模型估算野缕草芽出率及生物防治的前景

黄蟾蜍(Linaria vulgaris Mill.;玄草科植物是一种入侵的多年生草本杂草，遍布北美的农业和自然栖息地。在牧场或天然牧场，使用生物防治是一个有吸引力的选择，特别是如果药剂可以迅速建立。毛鼻甲(Rhinusa pilosa, Gyllenhal)(鞘翅目:象鼻虫科)是一种茎瘿象鼻虫，于2014年首次在加拿大释放，以评估其控制普通象鼻虫(L. vulgaris)的潜力。毛鼻草(Rhinusa pilosa)需要年轻的、旺盛生长的嫩枝来建立。有能力估计什么时候可以获得足够的芽可以通知释放时间，从而提高建立成功。目前还没有一种生长度日(GDD)模型。本研究的主要目的是建立一种普通白羊草芽出的GDD模型，并讨论该模型在新斯科舍省建立白羊草的效用。在2017年和2018年春夏，随机设置5个1-m2样方的4个样点，每周2次通过记录芽数和带花蕾芽数来监测寻常草芽的出苗情况。利用独立的芽出数据，建立了柽柳芽出的GDD (Tbase 2 C)模型，并进行了验证。春笋出现在GDD的124 - 244之间，90%的春笋出现在GDD的681 - 1117之间。模型估计新芽萌发的初始值为74 GDD，其中10%、50%和90%的新芽萌发分别发生在179、409和811 GDD。在2016年(3个地点)和2017年(1个地点)放生了成年犀牛，并记录了带瘿的犀牛芽的数量。2016年在所有三个地点都观察到瘿瘤，2017年在四个地点中的三个地点观察到瘿瘤，2018年没有发现瘿瘤。探讨了释放时间和土壤水分是新斯科舍省毛臭草生长的影响因素。

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来源期刊

Invasive Plant Science and Management PLANT SCIENCES-

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Invasive Plant Science and Management (IPSM) is an online peer-reviewed journal focusing on fundamental and applied research on invasive plant biology, ecology, management, and restoration of invaded non-crop areas, and on other aspects relevant to invasive species, including educational activities and policy issues. Topics include the biology and ecology of invasive plants in rangeland, prairie, pasture, wildland, forestry, riparian, wetland, aquatic, recreational, rights-of-ways, and other non-crop (parks, preserves, natural areas) settings; genetics of invasive plants; social, ecological, and economic impacts of invasive plants and their management; design, efficacy, and integration of control tools; land restoration and rehabilitation; effects of management on soil, air, water, and wildlife; education, extension, and outreach methods and resources; technology and product reports; mapping and remote sensing, inventory and monitoring; technology transfer tools; case study reports; and regulatory issues.