Biochar applications to boreal podzol improve soil hydraulic properties and control nitrogen dynamics

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE
R. Saha, RaymondH. Thomas, K. Hawboldt, M. Nadeem, M. Cheema, L. Galagedara
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Abstract

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar (BC) application on hydraulic properties and nitrogen (N) transport in a podzolic soil profile. Soil samples were collected from an agricultural research field in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. The following three types of leaching columns were prepared: (i) topsoil, (ii) top and E-horizon soil, and (iii) mixed soil (2:1 ratio of topsoil and E-horizon soil). Granular biochar (GBC) and powder biochar (PBC) were mixed with soils at the rate of 0%, 1% and 2% (w/w). BC’s morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, and the specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. Soil physical and hydraulic properties (bulk density, porosity, field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point, plant available water (PAW)), leaching concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+), and volume of leachate were measured through a total of 378 experiments under laboratory conditions. GBC and PBC showed hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, respectively. With the 2% PBC amendment, porosity increased by 3%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 13% in the mixed soil and reduced NO3− leaching by 36% in top and E-horizon soil and NH4+ leaching by 72% in mixed soil. On the other hand, NO3− and NH4+ leaching was reduced by 26% and 33% in mixed soil when treated with 2% GBC. A 2% application rate for both BC (GBC and PBC) showed the best performance to enhance soil hydraulic properties and retain significant amounts of NO3− and NH4+ in the boreal podzol.
生物炭在北方恶唑中的应用改善了土壤水力特性并控制了氮动力学
摘要本研究旨在探讨生物炭(BC)施用对灰化土水力学特性和氮(N)运移的影响。土壤样本采集自加拿大纽芬兰帕萨迪纳的一个农业研究领域。制备了三种类型的淋滤柱:(i)表层土,(ii)表层土和e层土,(iii)混合土(表层土和e层土的比例为2:1)。颗粒型生物炭(GBC)和粉状生物炭(PBC)分别以0%、1%和2% (w/w)的比例与土壤混合。采用扫描电镜观察BC的形态结构和孔径分布,采用Brunauer - Emmett - Teller法测定比表面积。在实验室条件下,通过378次试验,测量了土壤的物理和水力特性(容重、孔隙度、田间容量(FC)、永久萎蔫点(permanent蔫点)、植物有效水分(PAW))、硝态氮(NO3−)和铵态氮(NH4+)的浸出浓度和渗滤液体积。GBC和PBC分别表现为疏水性和亲水性。添加2% PBC后,混合土孔隙度增加3%,FC增加10%,PAW增加13%,表层和e层土壤NO3−淋溶减少36%,NH4+淋溶减少72%。另一方面,2% GBC处理的混合土壤NO3−和NH4+淋失分别减少26%和33%。施用2%的BC (GBC和PBC)对改善土壤水力特性和保留大量NO3−和NH4+的效果最好。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Soil Science
Canadian Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
11.80%
发文量
73
审稿时长
6.0 months
期刊介绍: The Canadian Journal of Soil Science is an international peer-reviewed journal published in cooperation with the Canadian Society of Soil Science. The journal publishes original research on the use, management, structure and development of soils and draws from the disciplines of soil science, agrometeorology, ecology, agricultural engineering, environmental science, hydrology, forestry, geology, geography and climatology. Research is published in a number of topic sections including: agrometeorology; ecology, biological processes and plant interactions; composition and chemical processes; physical processes and interfaces; genesis, landscape processes and relationships; contamination and environmental stewardship; and management for agricultural, forestry and urban uses.
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