Actinomycetes Isolation from Forest Soils and Determination of Biological Activities

Abstract

Actinomycetes bacterial group has the one of the most populous population in microorganisms that extends very different and extensive habitats on earth especially main character of the natural soil habitats. Since old times, bioactive metabolites of soil microorganisms have studied and the results have provided that metabolites these microorganisms have significant benefits to science, medicine, agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, isolation of Actinomycetes strains from forest soils, identification of morpohological and molecular features, extraction the bioactive metabolite of isolates and determination the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and cytotoxicity activities of bioactive extract was tested. The microbiological isolation methods for collected forest soil samples were used and after the determination of their morphological and molecular features, isolates were defined as Brevibacterium spp. that is member of Actinomycetes. The antibiotic resistance of the isolates were determined by different methods and different concentrations of standard antibiotics. The chromium tolerance of isolates were also determined. The bioactive metabolites of isolates were produced in modified medium and extracted. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxicity activities of bioactive metabolite were determined against standard microorganisms and Artemia salina larvae were used as test organism for cytotoxicity tests. In the present study, results gave informations about Actinomycetes that isolated from forest soils. Isolates have antibiotic resistance and chromium tolerance abilities. And also, showed, Actinomycetes group is the largest bioactive metabolite producing group both antibacterial, antifungal and also a wide range of other compounds such as antibiofilm and cytotoxic compounds. The antimicrobial (MIC) concentrations of bioactive metabolite 2500 μg/mL for standard bacteria cultures and 1250 μg/mL for yeasts. The antibiofilm (MBEC) value was determined at 1250 μg/mL. The 2500 μg/mL concentration of extract was found the effective cytotoxic value. The results are provided that the Brevibacterium spp. isolates have industrial and pharmaceutical potential and more detailed pharmaceutical researchs are planned.