Distribution and conservation of Campanulaceae in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Abstract

The geographical distribution of Campanulaceae species from Rio de Janeiro state is detailed based on field expeditions and analyses of herbarium specimens. Twenty-seven species in six genera were recorded, 17 endemic to Brazil and two endemic to the state. The species were found mostly in High Altitude Grassland, and forest formations, mainly at altitudes above 1000 m asl. Some species were frequently found in anthropized areas, such as urban centers and roadsides. Only three species are currently listed as endangered, but more species may be threatened due to their restricted distribution and current loss of habitat. Some species are represented only by very old records. Due to the low floristic similarity and significant ecosystem diversity represented by the Conservation Units, each one is relevant and irreplaceable for Campanulaceae conservation in Rio de Janeiro state.