Huikyeong Byeon, Boyun Kim, Hyejee Hwang, Minji Kim, Hyeonjin Yoo, Hyebin Song, Seoung Ho Lee and Byoung Hoon Lee*,
{"title":"Flexible Organic Photodetectors with Mechanically Robust Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Thin Films","authors":"Huikyeong Byeon, Boyun Kim, Hyejee Hwang, Minji Kim, Hyeonjin Yoo, Hyebin Song, Seoung Ho Lee and Byoung Hoon Lee*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsami.3c00947","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) thin films have been intensively used as electron transport layers (ETLs) in organic optoelectronic devices, but their moderate mechanical flexibility hinders their application to flexible electronic devices. This study reveals that the multivalent interaction between ZnO-NPs and multicharged conjugated electrolytes, such as diphenylfluorene pyridinium bromide derivative (DFPBr-6), can significantly improve the mechanical flexibility of ZnO-NP thin films. Intermixing ZnO-NPs and DFPBr-6 facilitates the coordination between bromide anions (from the DFPBr-6) and zinc cations on ZnO-NP surfaces, forming Zn<sup>2+</sup>–Br<sup>–</sup> bonds. Different from a conventional electrolyte (e.g., KBr), DFPBr-6 with six pyridinium ionic side chains holds the Br<sup>–</sup>-chelated ZnO-NPs adjacent to DFP<sup>+</sup> through Zn<sup>2+</sup>–Br<sup>–</sup>–N<sup>+</sup> bonds. Consequently, ZnO-NP:DFPBr-6 thin films exhibit improved mechanical flexibility with a critical bending radius as low as 1.5 mm under tensile bending conditions. Flexible organic photodetectors with ZnO-NP:DFPBr-6 thin films as ETLs demonstrate reliable device performances with high <i>R</i> (0.34 A/W) and <i>D</i>* (3.03 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones) even after 1000 times repetitive bending at a bending radius of 4.0 mm, whereas devices with ZnO-NP and ZnO-NP:KBr ETLs yield >85% reduction in <i>R</i> and <i>D</i>* under the same bending condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"15 8","pages":"10926–10935"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.3c00947","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) thin films have been intensively used as electron transport layers (ETLs) in organic optoelectronic devices, but their moderate mechanical flexibility hinders their application to flexible electronic devices. This study reveals that the multivalent interaction between ZnO-NPs and multicharged conjugated electrolytes, such as diphenylfluorene pyridinium bromide derivative (DFPBr-6), can significantly improve the mechanical flexibility of ZnO-NP thin films. Intermixing ZnO-NPs and DFPBr-6 facilitates the coordination between bromide anions (from the DFPBr-6) and zinc cations on ZnO-NP surfaces, forming Zn2+–Br– bonds. Different from a conventional electrolyte (e.g., KBr), DFPBr-6 with six pyridinium ionic side chains holds the Br–-chelated ZnO-NPs adjacent to DFP+ through Zn2+–Br––N+ bonds. Consequently, ZnO-NP:DFPBr-6 thin films exhibit improved mechanical flexibility with a critical bending radius as low as 1.5 mm under tensile bending conditions. Flexible organic photodetectors with ZnO-NP:DFPBr-6 thin films as ETLs demonstrate reliable device performances with high R (0.34 A/W) and D* (3.03 × 1012 Jones) even after 1000 times repetitive bending at a bending radius of 4.0 mm, whereas devices with ZnO-NP and ZnO-NP:KBr ETLs yield >85% reduction in R and D* under the same bending condition.
期刊介绍:
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is a leading interdisciplinary journal that brings together chemists, engineers, physicists, and biologists to explore the development and utilization of newly-discovered materials and interfacial processes for specific applications. Our journal has experienced remarkable growth since its establishment in 2009, both in terms of the number of articles published and the impact of the research showcased. We are proud to foster a truly global community, with the majority of published articles originating from outside the United States, reflecting the rapid growth of applied research worldwide.