{"title":"Heating potential of undeveloped geothermal water intakes in Poland in the context of sustainable development and air protection","authors":"Ewelina Łukasiewicz , Moein Shamoushaki","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2022.100175","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poland has significant geothermal water resources and the study presents a list of 29 undeveloped but existing intakes of ready-thermal waters with temperatures ranging from 21 to 86 °C. In this study, important issues related to the hitherto unused intakes of geothermal waters will be discussed in a comprehensive manner: a review has been made with regard to the location of geothermal water resources in Poland, where there are already wells, but not yet exploited – list of all undeveloped geothermal water intakes. Estimated calculations were made for 29 wells, of Thermal Power [MW] and Thermal Energy [GWh/year] and estimated Exergy [kJ/kg] analysis for selected intakes. In the context of air protection, calculations were made related to the estimated reduction of harmful air pollutants, if the geothermal intakes presented in the article were to be used. Presents the results for coagulation for water from a selected geothermal water intake, from which it was possible to remove the total iron content from the water with high efficiency. This is the proposed method of treating geothermal water, supported by the results of the researcher's own research. The thermal energy that these sources can generate amounts to a total of approximately 247.5 [GWh/year]. Moreover, this energy would allow to heat about 8250 single-family houses, covering a total area of 350,000 square meters. The problem of geothermal water quality was discussed and the results were presented after it had been subjected to the coagulation process. Coagulation has been proposed as an effective method to remove undesirable compounds from geothermal water before it enters the installation. A satisfactory total iron removal effect at the level of 99% was obtained thanks to the use of highly polymerized aluminum coagulants in combination with filtration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371722000051/pdfft?md5=8565eb0bcdd7e8f9df576db33d849a17&pid=1-s2.0-S2212371722000051-main.pdf","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Resources and Industry","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371722000051","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"WATER RESOURCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
Poland has significant geothermal water resources and the study presents a list of 29 undeveloped but existing intakes of ready-thermal waters with temperatures ranging from 21 to 86 °C. In this study, important issues related to the hitherto unused intakes of geothermal waters will be discussed in a comprehensive manner: a review has been made with regard to the location of geothermal water resources in Poland, where there are already wells, but not yet exploited – list of all undeveloped geothermal water intakes. Estimated calculations were made for 29 wells, of Thermal Power [MW] and Thermal Energy [GWh/year] and estimated Exergy [kJ/kg] analysis for selected intakes. In the context of air protection, calculations were made related to the estimated reduction of harmful air pollutants, if the geothermal intakes presented in the article were to be used. Presents the results for coagulation for water from a selected geothermal water intake, from which it was possible to remove the total iron content from the water with high efficiency. This is the proposed method of treating geothermal water, supported by the results of the researcher's own research. The thermal energy that these sources can generate amounts to a total of approximately 247.5 [GWh/year]. Moreover, this energy would allow to heat about 8250 single-family houses, covering a total area of 350,000 square meters. The problem of geothermal water quality was discussed and the results were presented after it had been subjected to the coagulation process. Coagulation has been proposed as an effective method to remove undesirable compounds from geothermal water before it enters the installation. A satisfactory total iron removal effect at the level of 99% was obtained thanks to the use of highly polymerized aluminum coagulants in combination with filtration.
期刊介绍:
Water Resources and Industry moves research to innovation by focusing on the role industry plays in the exploitation, management and treatment of water resources. Different industries use radically different water resources in their production processes, while they produce, treat and dispose a wide variety of wastewater qualities. Depending on the geographical location of the facilities, the impact on the local resources will vary, pre-empting the applicability of one single approach. The aims and scope of the journal include: -Industrial water footprint assessment - an evaluation of tools and methodologies -What constitutes good corporate governance and policy and how to evaluate water-related risk -What constitutes good stakeholder collaboration and engagement -New technologies enabling companies to better manage water resources -Integration of water and energy and of water treatment and production processes in industry