Microwave assisted cisplatin-loaded CeO2/GO/c-MWCNT hybrid as drug delivery system in cervical cancer therapy

Abstract

In this work, we prepared a spherical CeO₂/GO/c-MWCNT (Cerium oxide/Graphene oxide/Multiwalled Carbon nanotube) nanocomposite whose surface morphology looks porous and fibrous. The stacked layer of GO and c-MWCNT was stuffed with porous aminatedCeO₂nanoparticles (NPs). Their physio-chemico aspects were probed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In addition, proposed porous CeO₂/GO/c-MWCNT hybrid nanosystem, cisplatin-loaded CeO₂/GO/c-MWCNT hybrid system (CeO₂/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT) and cisplatin (CDDP) was subjected to HeLa cells to examine % cell inhibition under a suitable in-vitro microenvironment. % Cell Inhibition at 1000 µg/mL of CeO₂/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT system was found to be of 91.82% and for 7.8 µg/mL concentration, it was found to be 61.41% on HeLa cell lines. CeO₂/GO/c-MWCNT system has achieved 99.96% encapsulation efficiency with cisplatin drug. Hence, Cytotoxicity results are more significant for CeO₂/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT when compared to CeO₂/GO/c-MWCNT system. Further, the developed CeO₂/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT hybrid nanosystem was taken up for Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) dual fluorescence staining study to record the morphology assisted variations in both live and dead cells using fluorescence spectroscopy. Later, a flow cytometry study was performed to monitor the cell cycle at which the maximum cells were dead. In the current work, at the first stage (R1) the CeO₂/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT system was able to kill 3,76,659 cells in a cell culture medium that has a total volume of 4,91,748 HeLa cells at a lower concentration of 15.6 µg/mL. Based on the observations from the present in-vitro investigations, the developed CeO₂/CDDP-GO/c-MWCNT hybrid nanosystem can be used as therapeutic platform for cervical cancer.