The Gorbachev Moment – and Why It Was So Brief

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
M. Evangelista
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The essay describes the anti-Stalinist tradition as a source of reformist thinking in the USSR and the policies of Nikita Khrushchev as precedents for Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms. It identifies promoters of reform within the Communist Party, among dissidents, and among their foreign supporters. It claims that those who supported Gorbachev were fewer and less influential than it appeared at the time, and that their ideas for economic reform were less developed and coherent than those for democratization and foreign policy. The essay describes the New Economic Policy of the early 1920s advocated by Nikolai Bukharin as an example of what at the time seemed to serve as a precedent for Gorbachev’s reforms, but had little actual impact. The essay discusses how opponents of Gorbachev’s reforms at home and abroad sought to undermine his initiatives. It considers the role of the United States in bringing the Gorbachev Moment to an end, by highlighting US rejection of Gorbachev’s vision of a nuclear-free, demilitarized world; insistence on promoting “shock therapy” for the Russian economy and support for Boris Yeltsin’s antidemocratic means of doing so; and policies that undermined democratic opposition to Yeltsin, even as his brutal war against Chechnya helped set a precedent for Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine.
戈尔巴乔夫时刻——及其为何如此短暂
这篇文章将反斯大林主义传统描述为苏联改革思想的源泉,并将尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫的政策描述为米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫改革的先例。它确定了共产党内部、持不同政见者和他们的外国支持者中的改革推动者。它声称,那些支持戈尔巴乔夫的人比当时看起来的影响力越来越小,他们对经济改革的想法不如民主化和外交政策的想法发达和连贯。这篇文章描述了尼古拉·布哈林(Nikolai Bukharin)在20世纪20年代初倡导的新经济政策,作为当时戈尔巴乔夫改革的一个先例,但几乎没有实际影响。这篇文章讨论了国内外戈尔巴乔夫改革的反对者如何试图破坏他的倡议。它考虑了美国在结束戈尔巴乔夫时刻方面的作用,强调了美国对戈尔巴乔夫无核、非军事化世界的愿景的拒绝;坚持为俄罗斯经济推行“休克疗法”,并支持鲍里斯·叶利钦(Boris Yeltsin)的反民主手段;以及削弱反对叶利钦的民主力量的政策,尽管他对车臣的残酷战争为弗拉基米尔·普京入侵乌克兰创造了先例。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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