Testing the accuracy of Foti’s dental age estimation methods on a London UK sample

Abstract

Background and aim

Tooth development and eruption are widely used in assessing dental age estimation, and one of the methods in using tooth development and eruption is Foti’s method. However, the population used in the original study was French. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the accuracy of Foti’s four dental age estimation regression models against the East London population, mainly of the Bangladeshi and Caucasian ethnicity. These count the number of erupted teeth and tooth germs using a radiograph (Foti 1), absence of a radiograph (Foti 2), maxillary erupted teeth (Foti 3) and mandibular erupted teeth (Foti 4).

Methods

The test sample was archived panoramic radiographs of 754 healthy patients aged 6–20 years (380 males and 374 females). The difference between dental and chronological ages was tested using a t-test. The mean absolute difference was also calculated for all models. The most accurate method was defined as the smallest mean difference, smallest standard deviation (SD) and mean absolute difference between dental and chronological ages.

Results

Foti model 2 was most accurate with a mean difference of 0.11 years (SD 1.70 years) and a mean absolute difference of 1.33 years. Models 3 (maxillary erupted teeth) and 4 (mandibular erupted teeth) were marginally less accurate, whilst model 1 (radiograph) overestimated age on average by more than 5 years.

Conclusion

Our findings show that estimating age using erupting teeth was most accurate using Foti model 2 (least bias).