Forcing and impact of the Northern Hemisphere continental snow cover in 1979–2014

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Cryosphere Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI:10.5194/tc-17-2157-2023
G. Gastineau, C. Frankignoul, Yongqi Gao, Yu‐Chiao Liang, Young‐Oh Kwon, A. Cherchi, R. Ghosh, E. Manzini, D. Matei, J. Mecking, L. Suo, T. Tian, Shuting Yang, Ying Zhang
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Abstract

Abstract. The main drivers of the continental Northern Hemisphere snow cover are investigated in the 1979–2014 period. Four observational datasets are used as are two large multi-model ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC). A first ensemble uses observed interannually varying SST and SIC conditions for 1979–2014, while a second ensemble is identical except for SIC with a repeated climatological cycle used. SST and external forcing typically explain 10 % to 25 % of the snow cover variance in model simulations, with a dominant forcing from the tropical and North Pacific SST during this period. In terms of the climate influence of the snow cover anomalies, both observations and models show no robust links between the November and April snow cover variability and the atmospheric circulation 1 month later. On the other hand, the first mode of Eurasian snow cover variability in January, with more extended snow over western Eurasia, is found to precede an atmospheric circulation pattern by 1 month, similar to a negative Arctic oscillation (AO). A decomposition of the variability in the model simulations shows that this relationship is mainly due to internal climate variability. Detailed outputs from one of the models indicate that the western Eurasia snow cover anomalies are preceded by a negative AO phase accompanied by a Ural blocking pattern and a stratospheric polar vortex weakening. The link between the AO and the snow cover variability is strongly related to the concomitant role of the stratospheric polar vortex, with the Eurasian snow cover acting as a positive feedback for the AO variability in winter. No robust influence of the SIC variability is found, as the sea ice loss in these simulations only drives an insignificant fraction of the snow cover anomalies, with few agreements among models.
1979–2014年北半球大陆积雪的强迫和影响
摘要对1979年至2014年期间北半球大陆积雪的主要驱动因素进行了调查。使用了四个观测数据集,作为两个大型的多模型集合,仅在规定的海面温度(SST)和海冰浓度(SIC)下进行大气模拟。第一个系综使用了1979年至2014年观测到的年际变化的SST和SIC条件,而第二个系综是相同的,除了使用了重复气候循环的SIC。SST和外力通常解释10 % 至25 % 模型模拟中的积雪变化,在此期间,热带和北太平洋SST的主要作用力。就积雪量对气候的影响而言,观测和模型都表明,11月和4月的积雪量变化与1个月后的大气环流之间没有强有力的联系。另一方面,1月份欧亚积雪变化的第一种模式,即欧亚大陆西部的降雪量更大,预计将比大气环流模式提前1个月,类似于负北极振荡(AO)。对模型模拟中的可变性进行分解表明,这种关系主要是由于内部气候变化造成的。其中一个模型的详细输出表明,欧亚大陆西部的积雪异常之前是一个负AO阶段,伴随着乌拉尔阻塞模式和平流层极地涡旋减弱。AO和积雪变化之间的联系与平流层极地涡旋的伴随作用密切相关,欧亚积雪是冬季AO变化的正反馈。没有发现SIC变化的强大影响,因为这些模拟中的海冰损失只驱动了积雪异常的一小部分,模型之间几乎没有一致性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cryosphere
Cryosphere GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
17.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Cryosphere (TC) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of research articles, short communications, and review papers on all aspects of frozen water and ground on Earth and on other planetary bodies. The main subject areas are the following: ice sheets and glaciers; planetary ice bodies; permafrost and seasonally frozen ground; seasonal snow cover; sea ice; river and lake ice; remote sensing, numerical modelling, in situ and laboratory studies of the above and including studies of the interaction of the cryosphere with the rest of the climate system.
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