The Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19 and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

IF 3.9 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI:10.1027/1016-9040/a000464

Eyüp Sabır Erbiçer, A. Metin, A. Çetinkaya, S. Şen

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引用次数: 33

Abstract

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on public health. Previous studies showed that the fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aims to compile and meta-analyze the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population. The studies published between March 2020 and June 2021 were scanned from various databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science [ISI], and SCOPUS). As a result of the literature search, 746 studies were reached, 88 studies were found suitable, and 21 met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA Version 3.0) and metafor package in R were used for analyses. A strong relationship was observed between the fear of COVID-19 and anxiety ( r = .55, p < .001); there were moderate relationships between the fear of COVID-19 and depression ( r = .34, p < .001) and stress ( r = .44, p < .001). All these relationships were significant. The results showed that the relationships between the fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and stress had a high level of heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the average of the sample age was a significant predictor of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. However, other covariates (female proportion and culture) were not statistically significant for the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. None of these covariates was significant predictors of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 with depression and stress. Although the current meta-analysis has some limitations, the results revealed that the fear of COVID-19 is associated with mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress.

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新冠肺炎恐惧与抑郁、焦虑和压力的关系

摘要新冠肺炎大流行对公共卫生产生了重大影响。先前的研究表明，对新冠肺炎的恐惧与抑郁、焦虑和压力呈正相关。本研究旨在汇编和元分析普通人群对新冠肺炎的恐惧与抑郁、焦虑和压力之间的关系。2020年3月至2021年6月期间发表的研究是从各种数据库（谷歌学者、PubMed、科学网[ISI]和SCOPUS）中扫描的。作为文献检索的结果，共进行了746项研究，88项研究被认为是合适的，21项符合纳入标准。综合荟萃分析（CMA 3.0版）和R中的metafor包用于分析。观察到对新冠肺炎的恐惧与焦虑之间存在密切关系（r=.55，p<.001）；对新冠肺炎的恐惧与抑郁（r=.34，p<.001）和压力（r=.44，p<.001）之间存在中度关系，所有这些关系都是显著的。结果表明，对新冠肺炎的恐惧与抑郁、焦虑和压力之间存在高度异质性。元回归分析显示，样本年龄的平均值是对新冠肺炎恐惧与焦虑之间关系的重要预测因素。然而，其他协变量（女性比例和文化）对新冠肺炎恐惧与焦虑之间的关系没有统计学意义。这些协变量都不是新冠肺炎恐惧与抑郁和压力之间关系的重要预测因素。尽管目前的荟萃分析有一些局限性，但结果显示，对新冠肺炎的恐惧与抑郁、焦虑和压力等心理健康问题有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Psychologist PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The European Psychologist - is a direct source of information regarding both applied and research psychology throughout Europe; - provides both reviews of specific fields and original papers of seminal importance; integrates across subfields and provides easy access to essential state-of-the-art information in all areas within psychology; - provides a European perspective on many dimensions of new work being done elsewhere in psychology; - makes European psychology visible globally; - promotes scientific and professional cooperation among European psychologists; develops the mutual contribution of psychological theory and practice.