An Evaluation of Boulder Deposits along a Granite Coast Affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Using Revised Hydrodynamic Equations: Batu Ferringhi, Penang, Malaysia

IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOLOGY
Journal of Geology Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI:10.1086/704255
S. Haslett, Bernardine R. Wong
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

A field survey of wave-transported granite boulder deposits occurring at Batu Ferringhi on the north coast of the island of Penang, Malaysia, was undertaken to evaluate whether the boulders had more likely been transported by storm waves or by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Field measurements of boulder dimensions, imbrication, and depositional position in relation to the tidal frame (using a local intertidal biozonation) were collected from seven boulder groups. Revised hydrodynamic equations for wave height and flow velocity for subaerial and submerged boulders were employed, as well as formulas for joint-bounded pretransport settings. Under subaerial pretransport settings, five of the boulder groups could have been transported under local storm wave conditions. A joint-bounded setting would have precluded the transport of three of the boulder groups by the 2004 tsunami event; otherwise all seven groups could have been transported by this tsunami event under subaerial or submerged pretransport settings. This event is known to have fatally affected this coastline, and, although it is very likely that there have been other historic tsunami events within the region, based on evaluation of the boulder deposits presented here, there is no evidence to suggest that any wave event of a magnitude higher than the 2004 tsunami, be it tsunami or storm wave, has been experienced along this coastline.
使用修正的流体动力学方程评估受2004年印度洋海啸影响的花岗岩海岸的博尔德矿床:马来西亚槟城巴图-费林吉
对马来西亚槟城岛北海岸巴图费林吉的波浪搬运花岗岩巨石矿床进行了实地调查,以评估这些巨石是否更有可能是由风暴波或2004年印度洋海啸搬运的。从七个漂石群中收集了漂石尺寸、叠瓦作用和沉积位置相对于潮汐框架的现场测量结果(使用当地潮间带生物区划)。采用了陆上和水下巨砾波高和流速的修正水动力学方程,以及联合边界预处理设置的公式。在陆上运输前的环境下,其中五个巨石群可能是在当地风暴波条件下运输的。2004年海啸事件发生时,联合边界环境将阻止其中三个巨石群的运输;否则,这场海啸事件可能会在陆上或水下的预转移环境中转移所有七个群体。众所周知,这一事件对该海岸线造成了致命影响,尽管该地区很可能还发生过其他历史性海啸事件,但根据对此处巨石沉积物的评估,没有证据表明该海岸线发生过任何震级高于2004年海啸的波浪事件,无论是海啸还是风暴波。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geology
Journal of Geology 地学-地质学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
0
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: One of the oldest journals in geology, The Journal of Geology has since 1893 promoted the systematic philosophical and fundamental study of geology. The Journal publishes original research across a broad range of subfields in geology, including geophysics, geochemistry, sedimentology, geomorphology, petrology, plate tectonics, volcanology, structural geology, mineralogy, and planetary sciences. Many of its articles have wide appeal for geologists, present research of topical relevance, and offer new geological insights through the application of innovative approaches and methods.
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