Propiedades psicométricas y estructura factorial de dos escalas sobre identidad étnica y aculturación psicológica en el grupo cultural tohono o'odham “Pápagos” del estado de Sonora, México

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the ethnic identity and psychological acculturation scales of the Papagos population from northern of Sonora based on the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale (Phinney, 1992) and the Psychological Acculturation Scale (Marin et al., 1987). Through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling, 158 Papagos from the state of Sonora were selected, with 96 women (60.75%) and 62 men (39.24%), with an average age of 63 years (SD= 20 years). The exploratory factor analysis for the ethnic identity scale showed a KMO value of .91 and an acceptable internal consistency index (α = .78) for the two main factors: ethnic affirmation and belonging and commitment to the ethnic group. The Psychological Acculturation scale showed a KMO value of .92 and an acceptable internal consistency index (α = 0.73) for the factors of social relationship with the ethnic group and use of language. Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the maximum likelihood method showed convergent and divergent construct validity between the factors and all items presented acceptable factorial weights (λ > 0.5). Acceptable validity and reliability indexes were found that indicate the goodness and robustness of these measures to obtain results on ethnic identity perception and psychological acculturation. The participants claim to belong to an ethnic cultural group and maintain their ethnic identity through language and cultural practices, however, by interacting with a new culture they are exposed to a process of social adaptation.