Toxic metal mixtures in private well water and increased risk for preterm birth in North Carolina.

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Health Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI:10.1186/s12940-023-01021-7

Lauren A Eaves, Alexander P Keil, Anne Marie Jukic, Radhika Dhingra, Jada L Brooks, Tracy A Manuck, Julia E Rager, Rebecca C Fry

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Prenatal exposure to metals in private well water may increase the risk of preterm birth (PTB) (delivery < 37 weeks' gestation). In this study, we estimated associations between arsenic, manganese, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc concentrations in private well water and PTB incidence in North Carolina (NC).

Methods: Birth certificates from 2003-2015 (n = 1,329,071) were obtained and pregnancies were assigned exposure using the mean concentration and the percentage of tests above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for the census tract of each individuals' residence at the time of delivery using the NCWELL database (117,960 well water tests from 1998-2019). We evaluated associations between single metals and PTB using adjusted logistic regression models. Metals mixtures were assessed using quantile-based g-computation.

Results: Compared with those in other census tracts, individuals residing in tracts where > 25% of tests exceeded the MCL for lead (aOR 1.10, 95%CI 1.02,1.18) or cadmium (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00,1.23) had an increased odds of PTB. Conversely, those residing in areas with > 25% MCL for zinc (aOR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.56,1.02) and copper (aOR 0.53 (95% CI: 0.13,1.34)) had a reduced odds of PTB. A quartile increase in the concentrations of a mixture of lead, cadmium, and chromium was associated with a small increased odds for PTB (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03). This metal mixture effect was most pronounced among American Indian individuals (aOR per quartile increase in all metals: 1.19 (95% CI 1.06,1.34)).

Conclusions: In a large study population of over one million births, lead and cadmium were found to increase the risk of PTB individually and in a mixture, with additional mixtures-related impacts estimated from co-exposure with chromium. This study highlights critical racial and ethnic health disparities in relation to private well water thereby emphasizing the urgent need for improved private well water quality to protect vulnerable populations.

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北卡罗来纳州私人井水中的有毒金属混合物和早产风险增加。

背景：产前接触私人井水中的金属可能会增加早产（PTB）（分娩方法：2003-2015年出生证明（n = 1329071），并使用NCWELL数据库（1998-2019年的117960次井水测试），使用分娩时每个人居住的普查区的平均浓度和高于最大污染物水平（MCL）的测试百分比分配妊娠暴露量。我们使用调整后的逻辑回归模型评估了单一金属与PTB之间的相关性。使用基于分位数的g计算对金属混合物进行评估。结果：与其他人口普查区的数据相比，居住在 > 对于铅（aOR 1.10，95%CI 1.02,1.18）或镉（aOR 1.11，95%CI 1.00,1.23），25%的测试超过MCL，PTB的几率增加。相反，那些居住在 > 锌（aOR 0.77（95%CI:0.56，1.02）和铜（aOR 0.53（95%CI:0.13，1.34））的25%MCL降低了PTB的几率。铅、镉和铬混合物浓度的四分位数增加与PTB的几率小幅增加有关（aOR 1.02，95%CI 1.01，1.03）。这种金属混合物效应在美国印第安人中最为明显（所有金属的每四分位数aOR增加1.19（95%CI 1.06,1.34））。结论：在一项超过100万新生儿的大型研究人群中，铅和镉被发现会单独或在混合物中增加PTB的风险，与铬共同暴露估计会产生额外的混合物相关影响。这项研究强调了与私人井水有关的严重种族和族裔健康差异，从而强调迫切需要改善私人井水质量，以保护弱势群体。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Health 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

1.70%

发文量

115

审稿时长

3.0 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts on all aspects of environmental and occupational medicine and related studies in toxicology and epidemiology. Environmental Health is aimed at scientists and practitioners in all areas of environmental science where human health and well-being are involved, either directly or indirectly. Environmental Health is a public health journal serving the public health community and scientists working on matters of public health interest and importance pertaining to the environment.