Age-related changes in neural responses to sensory stimulation in autism: a cross-sectional study.

IF 6.3 1区 医学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY
Melis E Cakar, Kaitlin K Cummings, Susan Y Bookheimer, Mirella Dapretto, Shulamite A Green
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is an impairing sensory processing challenge in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which shows heterogenous developmental trajectories and appears to improve into adulthood in some but not all autistic individuals. However, the neural mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in these trajectories are currently unknown.

Methods: Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the association between age and neural activity linearly and nonlinearly in response to mildly aversive sensory stimulation as well as how SOR severity moderates this association. Participants included 52 ASD (14F) and 41 (13F) typically developing (TD) youth, aged 8.6-18.0 years.

Results: We found that in pre-teens, ASD children showed widespread activation differences in sensorimotor, frontal and cerebellar regions compared to TD children, while there were fewer differences between ASD and TD teens. In TD youth, older age was associated with less activation in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, in ASD youth, older age was associated with more engagement of sensory integration and emotion regulation regions. In particular, orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices showed a nonlinear relationship with age in ASD, with an especially steep increase in sensory-evoked neural activity during the mid-to-late teen years. There was also an interaction between age and SOR severity in ASD youth such that these age-related trends were more apparent in youth with higher SOR.

Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits causal interpretations of the data. Future longitudinal studies will be instrumental in determining how prefrontal engagement and SOR co-develop across adolescence.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that enhanced recruitment of prefrontal regions may underlie age-related decreases in SOR for a subgroup of ASD youth.

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自闭症患者对感觉刺激的神经反应的年龄相关变化:一项横断面研究。
背景:在自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)中,感觉过度反应(SOR)是一种削弱感觉处理的挑战,表现出异质性的发展轨迹,在一些但并非所有自闭症个体中,似乎在成年后有所改善。然而,这些轨迹中个体间差异的神经机制目前尚不清楚。方法:在这里,我们使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)来研究年龄与对轻度厌恶性感觉刺激反应的神经活动之间的线性和非线性关系,以及SOR严重程度如何调节这种关系。参与者包括52名ASD(14F)和41名(13F)典型发育(TD)青年,年龄为8.6-18.0岁。结果:我们发现,与TD儿童相比,在青少年前期,ASD儿童在感觉运动、额叶和小脑区域表现出广泛的激活差异,而ASD和TD青少年之间的差异较小。在TD青年中,年龄越大,前额叶皮层的激活越少。相反,在ASD青年中,年龄越大,感觉统合和情绪调节区域的参与程度越高。特别是,ASD患者的眶额皮质和内侧前额叶皮质与年龄呈非线性关系,在青少年中后期,感觉诱发神经活动急剧增加。ASD青年的年龄和SOR严重程度之间也存在相互作用,因此这些与年龄相关的趋势在SOR较高的青年中更为明显。局限性:横断面设计限制了对数据的因果解释。未来的纵向研究将有助于确定前额叶参与和SOR如何在整个青春期共同发展。结论:我们的研究结果表明,前额叶区域的募集增强可能是ASD青年亚组SOR与年龄相关降低的原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Molecular Autism
Molecular Autism GENETICS & HEREDITY-NEUROSCIENCES
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
1.60%
发文量
44
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Molecular Autism is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes high-quality basic, translational and clinical research that has relevance to the etiology, pathobiology, or treatment of autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions. Research that includes integration across levels is encouraged. Molecular Autism publishes empirical studies, reviews, and brief communications.
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