Decreased inflammatory profile in oral leukoplakia tissue exposed to cold physical plasma ex vivo

Abstract

Background

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is an unfavorable oral disease often resistant to therapy. To this end, cold physical plasma technology was explored as a novel therapeutic agent in an experimental setup.

Methods

Biopsies with a diameter of 3 mm were obtained from non-diseased and OL tissues. Subsequently, cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) exposure was performed ex vivo in the laboratory. After 20 h of incubation, biopsies were cryo-conserved, and tissue sections were quantified for lymphocyte infiltrates, discriminating between naïve and memory cytotoxic and T-helper cells. In addition, the secretion pattern related to inflammation was investigated in the tissue culture supernatants by quantifying 10 chemokines and cytokines.

Results

In CAP-treated OL tissue, significantly decreased overall lymphocyte numbers were observed. In addition, reduced levels were observed when discriminating for the T-cell subpopulations but did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, CAP treatment significantly reduced levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the OL biopsies' supernatants. In idiopathically inflamed tissues, ex vivo CAP exposure reduced T-cells and CXCL10 as well but also led to markedly increased interleukin-1β secretion.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest CAP to have immuno-modulatory properties, which could be of therapeutic significance in the therapy of OL. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of CAP therapy in vivo in a larger cohort.