The Relationship Between Autonomic Dysfunction and Mood Symptoms in De Novo Parkinson's Disease Patients Over Time.

Abstract

Background: Autonomic dysfunction is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can worsen quality of life. We examined: (a) whether specific autonomic symptoms were more strongly associated with anxiety or depression in PD and (b) whether overall autonomic dysfunction predicted mood trajectories over a 5-year period.

Methods: Newly diagnosed individuals with PD (N = 414) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and autonomic symptoms annually. Cross-sectional linear regressions examined relationships between specific autonomic subdomains (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, etc.) and mood. Multilevel modeling examined longitudinal relationships with total autonomic load.

Results: Gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with both higher anxiety (b = 1.04, 95% CI [.55, 1.53], P < .001) and depression (b = .24, 95% CI [.11, .37], P = .012), as were thermoregulatory symptoms (anxiety: b = 1.06, 95% CI [.46, 1.65], P = .004; depression: b = .25, 95% CI [.09, .42], P = .013), while cardiovascular (b = .36, 95% CI [.10, .62], P = .012) and urinary symptoms (b = .10, 95% CI [.01, .20], P = .037) were associated only with depression. Longitudinally, higher total autonomic load was associated with increases in both depression (b = .01, 95% CI [.00, .02], P = .015) and anxiety (b = .04, 95% CI [.01, .06], P < .001) over time, as well as occasion-to-occasion fluctuations (depression: b = .08, 95% CI [.05, .10], P < .001; anxiety: b = .24, 95% CI [.15, .32], P < .001).

Conclusion: Findings suggest autonomic dysfunction, particularly gastrointestinal and thermoregulatory symptoms, may be an indicator for elevated anxiety/depression and a potential treatment target early on in PD.