Effects of Different Light-Assisted Power Bleaching Techniques on the Penetration of Hydrogen Peroxide into the Pulp Chamber.

Abstract

Background: In-office bleaching is one of the most commonly used procedures for discolored tooth treatment. Although the efficacy of tooth bleaching has been investigated, depending on the applied technique and the used materials, bleaching procedures might irritate the tooth pulp and induce surface changes in enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different bleaching techniques on the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber. Materials and methods: Seventy-two single-rooted sound human teeth were used. The samples were prepared and evaluated in four groups. Group 1: 35% HP gel alone (HP Gel); group 2: Nd:YAG laser (0.25 W and 10 Hz with a fiber tip size of 200 μm) irradiation was added (HP Gel+laser); group 3: HP gel mixed with graphite particles (10th of millimeter in size) derived from crashed pencil lead in association with Nd:YAG laser (HP Gel+laser+graphite); and group 4: HP gel in association with light-emitting diode (LED) (litex 686, 50 Hz, 450-490 nm) (HP Gel+LED). The amount of HP penetrating into the pulp chamber was evaluated using acetate buffer and standard graphs. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test, using SPSS 17. Post hoc Tukey test was used for between-group comparisons (α = 0.05). Results: Statistical analyses showed that the HP Gel+laser+graphite group had significantly higher level of HP penetration than other groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, pulp chamber penetration of HP in the HP Gel+laser group was greater than the LED and control groups (p < 0.001). The difference between control and LED groups was not significant (p = 0.99). Conclusions: Laser bleaching associated with HP Gel and graphite particles resulted in increased penetration of HP into the pulp chamber compared with the LED and control groups.