A Review Regarding the Connections between Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma - Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Current health sciences journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-31 DOI:10.12865/CHSJ.49.01.5
Andreea Iordache, Nicolae Constantin Balica, Ioana Delia Horhat, Raluca Morar, Alina Andreea Tischer, Adina Iuliana Milcu, Mădălina Casiana Salavat, Veronica Mădălina Borugă
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Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by an acute or chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, being frequently associated with other airway conditions such as sinusitis, serous otitis media, nasal polyposis, sleep disorders and asthma in particular. Among the comorbidities of allergic rhinitis it counts asthma, being a risk factor for this disorder, in which, more than 75% of patients develop asthma (either allergic or nonallergic), whereas the patients with allergic rhinitis can be affected up to 40% by asthma. The classic symptoms for allergic rhinitis involves sneezing, nasal mucosal swelling and watery rhinorrhea; whereas the main symptoms which occurred in patients with asthma are wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, coughing, fast heartbeat, confusion, exhaustion or dizziness. Avoiding allergens is the first line of treatment for allergic rhinitis, followed by medication and allergen immunotherapy. Due to the strong connection between allergic rhinitis and asthma, one can affirm that the treatment for allergic rhinitis lead to the improvement of asthma symptoms. One can diagnose asthma by recognizing a certain pattern of respiratory symptoms and expiratory airflow restriction, which varies for each patient. In conclusion, accurate identification of the differences between allergic rhinitis and asthma depends on a thorough history, physical examination, and therapeutic treatments. This article provides an overview of the connection between these disorders, as well as of the diagnosis of these conditions and their current management options.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

过敏性鼻炎与哮喘的关系综述——流行病学、诊断和治疗。
过敏性鼻炎的特征是鼻粘膜的急性或慢性炎症,通常与其他气道疾病有关,如鼻窦炎、浆液性中耳炎、鼻息肉病、睡眠障碍和哮喘。在过敏性鼻炎的合并症中,哮喘是这种疾病的一个危险因素,其中超过75%的患者发展为哮喘(过敏性或非过敏性),而过敏性鼻炎患者可能会受到高达40%的哮喘影响。过敏性鼻炎的典型症状包括打喷嚏、鼻粘膜肿胀和流鼻涕;而哮喘患者的主要症状是喘息、呼吸困难、胸闷、咳嗽、心跳加快、意识模糊、疲惫或头晕。避免过敏原是治疗过敏性鼻炎的第一道防线,其次是药物治疗和过敏原免疫治疗。由于过敏性鼻炎和哮喘之间有着密切的联系,可以肯定的是,治疗过敏性鼻炎可以改善哮喘症状。人们可以通过识别特定的呼吸症状模式和呼气气流受限来诊断哮喘,这些症状因患者而异。总之,准确识别过敏性鼻炎和哮喘之间的差异取决于彻底的病史、体检和治疗。本文概述了这些疾病之间的联系,以及这些疾病的诊断和目前的管理选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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