Appetite-regulating hormones modulate odor perception and odor-evoked activity in hypothalamus and olfactory cortices.

IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Yao Zhao, Surabhi Bhutani, Thorsten Kahnt
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Odors guide food seeking, and food intake modulates olfactory function. This interaction is mediated by appetite-regulating hormones like ghrelin, insulin, and leptin, which alter activity in the rodent olfactory bulb, but their effects on downstream olfactory cortices have not yet been established in humans. The olfactory tract connects the olfactory bulb to the cortex through 3 main striae, terminating in the piriform cortex (PirC), amygdala (AMY), olfactory tubercule (OT), and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Here, we test the hypothesis that appetite-regulating hormones modulate olfactory processing in the endpoints of the olfactory tract and the hypothalamus. We collected odor-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses and plasma levels of ghrelin, insulin, and leptin from human subjects (n = 25) after a standardized meal. We found that a hormonal composite measure, capturing variance relating positively to insulin and negatively to ghrelin, correlated inversely with odor intensity ratings and fMRI responses to odorized vs. clean air in the hypothalamus, OT, and AON. No significant correlations were found with activity in PirC or AMY, the endpoints of the lateral stria. Exploratory whole-brain analyses revealed significant correlations near the diagonal band of Broca and parahippocampal gyrus. These results demonstrate that high (low) blood plasma concentrations of insulin (ghrelin) decrease perceived odor intensity and odor-evoked activity in the cortical targets of the medial and intermediate striae of the olfactory tract, as well as the hypothalamus. These findings expand our understanding of the cortical mechanisms by which metabolic hormones in humans modulate olfactory processing after a meal.

食欲调节激素调节下丘脑和嗅觉皮层的气味感知和气味诱发活动。
气味引导食物的寻找,食物的摄入调节嗅觉功能。这种相互作用是由胃饥饿素、胰岛素和瘦素等食欲调节激素介导的,这些激素会改变啮齿动物嗅球的活性,但它们对下游嗅觉皮层的影响尚未在人类中得到证实。嗅束通过三条主要纹将嗅球与皮层连接起来,终止于梨状皮层(PirC)、杏仁核(AMY)、嗅结节(OT)和前嗅核(AON)。在这里,我们检验了食欲调节激素在嗅觉通道和下丘脑的终点调节嗅觉处理的假设。我们收集了标准餐后人类受试者(n=25)的气味诱发功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)反应和胃饥饿素、胰岛素和瘦素的血浆水平。我们发现,一项激素复合测量,捕捉与胰岛素呈正相关和与胃饥饿素负相关的变化,与下丘脑、OT和AON中气味强度评级和对气味和清洁空气的fMRI反应呈负相关。侧纹的终点PirC或AMY的活性没有发现显著相关性。探索性全脑分析显示,在Broca和海马旁回的对角带附近存在显著相关性。这些结果表明,血浆中高(低)浓度的胰岛素(生长素)降低了嗅觉道内侧纹和中间纹以及下丘脑皮层靶点的气味强度和气味诱发活动。这些发现扩展了我们对人类代谢激素调节餐后嗅觉处理的皮层机制的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Chemical Senses
Chemical Senses 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
2.90%
发文量
25
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Chemical Senses publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of chemoreception in both humans and animals. An important part of the journal''s coverage is devoted to techniques and the development and application of new methods for investigating chemoreception and chemosensory structures.
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