{"title":"A rainwater harvesting system in buildings with green roofs and a rooftop greenhouse in Pyongyang","authors":"C.-U. Kim, Y.-H. Ryu, N.-C O, J.-N. Ri","doi":"10.1007/s13762-023-04822-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A rainwater harvesting system plays an important role in improving water management and implementing sustainable urban development. This present paper aims to conduct a feasibility study of a rainwater harvesting system in buildings with green roofs and a rooftop greenhouse, while analyzing the runoff coefficient and reliability in the Ryomyong street, Pyongyang, the DPR Korea. The results show that the annual average runoff coefficient of the green roofs accounts for an average of 0.12, while the monthly average runoff coefficients varies in a range of 0(Jan.–Apr., Oct.–Dec.)–0.58(Jul.) in the period of 37 years. With regard to the irrigation of rainwater in the rooftop tank to the greenhouse, the water demand in the period of Dec.-Jun. need to be additionally collected from other sources. When rainwater in the tank under the building is additionally supplied to the greenhouse, the annual average reliability increased from 91% (20 m<sup>3</sup>) to 99% (50 m<sup>3</sup>) according to the increases in the tank volumes. It shows that, when both the rooftop tank 20 m<sup>3</sup> and the tank 50 m<sup>3</sup> under the building are used to the water supply, the demand for the greenhouse could be fully met. Moreover, the results show that, on one hand the annual average reliability is not sensitive to increases in the tank volumes, on the other hand, the increase in catchment surface could substantially lead to improving the reliability of the RWH system. The research findings could assist water management authorities and would be valuable for the local planners and managers in the municipality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-023-04822-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
A rainwater harvesting system plays an important role in improving water management and implementing sustainable urban development. This present paper aims to conduct a feasibility study of a rainwater harvesting system in buildings with green roofs and a rooftop greenhouse, while analyzing the runoff coefficient and reliability in the Ryomyong street, Pyongyang, the DPR Korea. The results show that the annual average runoff coefficient of the green roofs accounts for an average of 0.12, while the monthly average runoff coefficients varies in a range of 0(Jan.–Apr., Oct.–Dec.)–0.58(Jul.) in the period of 37 years. With regard to the irrigation of rainwater in the rooftop tank to the greenhouse, the water demand in the period of Dec.-Jun. need to be additionally collected from other sources. When rainwater in the tank under the building is additionally supplied to the greenhouse, the annual average reliability increased from 91% (20 m3) to 99% (50 m3) according to the increases in the tank volumes. It shows that, when both the rooftop tank 20 m3 and the tank 50 m3 under the building are used to the water supply, the demand for the greenhouse could be fully met. Moreover, the results show that, on one hand the annual average reliability is not sensitive to increases in the tank volumes, on the other hand, the increase in catchment surface could substantially lead to improving the reliability of the RWH system. The research findings could assist water management authorities and would be valuable for the local planners and managers in the municipality.
期刊介绍:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (IJEST) is an international scholarly refereed research journal which aims to promote the theory and practice of environmental science and technology, innovation, engineering and management.
A broad outline of the journal''s scope includes: peer reviewed original research articles, case and technical reports, reviews and analyses papers, short communications and notes to the editor, in interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental science and technology, both natural and man made.
The main aspects of research areas include, but are not exclusive to; environmental chemistry and biology, environments pollution control and abatement technology, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment, concentrations and dispersion of wastes in air, water, and soil, point and non-point sources pollution, heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment, atmospheric pollutants and trace gases, solid and hazardous waste management; soil biodegradation and bioremediation of contaminated sites; environmental impact assessment, industrial ecology, ecological and human risk assessment; improved energy management and auditing efficiency and environmental standards and criteria.