Differences in self-other control as cognitive mechanism to characterize theory of mind reasoning in autistic and non-autistic adults

IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Autism Research Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI:10.1002/aur.2976
Tobias Schuwerk, Beate Sodian
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Abstract

In cognitive science, altered Theory of Mind is a central pillar of etiological models of autism. Yet, recent evidence, showing comparable Theory of Mind abilities in autistic and non-autistic people, draws a more complex picture and renders previous descriptions of Theory of Mind abilities in autism and their role in autistic symptomatology insufficient. Here, we addressed self-other control as a potential candidate cognitive mechanism to explain subtle Theory of Mind reasoning differences between autistic and non-autistic adults. We investigated flexible shifting between another's and one's own congruent or incongruent points of view, an ability that is important for reciprocal social interaction. Measuring response accuracy and reaction time in a multiple-trial unexpected location false belief task, we found evidence for altered self-other control in Theory of Mind reasoning in autistic adults, with a relative difficulty in flexibly considering the other's perspective and less interference of the other's incongruent viewpoint when their own perspective is considered. Our results add to previous findings that social cognitive differences are there but subtle and constitute one step further in characterizing Theory of Mind reasoning in autism and explaining communication and interaction difficulties with non-autistic people in everyday life.

Abstract Image

自闭症和非自闭症成年人自我-他人控制作为心理推理理论特征的认知机制的差异
在认知科学中,改变的心理理论是自闭症病因模型的核心支柱。然而,最近的证据显示,自闭症患者和非自闭症患者的心理理论能力具有可比性,这描绘了一幅更复杂的画面,并使之前对自闭症患者心理理论能力及其在自闭症症状学中的作用的描述不足。在这里,我们将自我-他人控制作为一种潜在的候选认知机制来解释自闭症和非自闭症成年人之间微妙的心理理论推理差异。我们研究了在他人和自己一致或不一致的观点之间的灵活转换,这是一种对互惠社会互动很重要的能力。在多次试验的意外位置错误信念任务中,我们测量了反应准确性和反应时间,发现有证据表明自闭症成年人的心理推理理论中的自我-他人控制发生了改变,在灵活考虑他人的观点方面相对困难,在考虑自己的观点时,较少受到他人不一致观点的干扰。我们的研究结果补充了之前的发现,即社会认知差异是存在的,但很微妙,在描述自闭症患者的心理推理理论以及解释日常生活中与非自闭症患者沟通和互动困难方面又向前迈进了一步。
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来源期刊
Autism Research
Autism Research 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
8.50%
发文量
187
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: AUTISM RESEARCH will cover the developmental disorders known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders (or autism spectrum disorders – ASDs). The Journal focuses on basic genetic, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms and how these influence developmental processes in ASDs.
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