Pathways from livestock to improved human nutrition: lessons learned in East Africa

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Security Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI:10.1007/s12571-023-01382-4

Valerie L. Flax, Emily A. Ouma, Isabelle Baltenweck, Esther Omosa, Amy Webb Girard, Nathaniel Jensen, Paula Dominguez-Salas

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Abstract

The Livestock CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) Research Program (Livestock CRP) generated evidence on livestock-to-nutrition pathways through the implementation of nutrition-related livestock programs and research. In this analysis, we compiled lessons learned from Livestock CRP projects and identified recommendations for nutrition-sensitive livestock programming and research in the context of the literature and through the development of an updated livestock-to-nutrition pathways framework. The updated framework shows the interconnected nature of the three main pathways—own-consumption, income, and women’s empowerment—along with other pathways and includes contextual factors, which were lacking in previous frameworks. Eight Livestock CRP projects were reviewed, including five integrated livestock and human nutrition projects, two studies on drivers of food choice, and one study to develop and test a tool to measure nutrition outcomes among pastoralists. Key lessons learned were that women’s empowerment in livestock-to-nutrition pathways is important, but challenging to measure; engaging male partners improves nutrition in livestock-keeping households; nutrition-sensitive livestock programs and researchers should articulate and measure livestock-to-nutrition pathways they are addressing; livestock keeping does not guarantee access to animal source foods; context and livelihoods are not static and program design should be adapted accordingly; and digital data collection systems can provide accurate and timely nutrition information. Key recommendations include developing tools to fill measurement gaps; creating shorter versions of validated tools for ease of use; using complexity-aware evaluation methods to capture the interconnected nature of livestock-to-nutrition pathways and shifting livelihoods; and conducting pathways analyses to better understand linkages in the framework and further refine it.

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从畜牧业到改善人类营养的途径：东非的经验教训

牲畜CGIAR（国际农业研究咨询小组）研究计划（牲畜CRP）通过实施与营养相关的牲畜计划和研究，为牲畜获得营养途径提供了证据。在这项分析中，我们汇编了从牲畜CRP项目中吸取的经验教训，并在文献的背景下，通过制定更新的牲畜营养途径框架，确定了对营养敏感的牲畜规划和研究的建议。更新后的框架显示了三个主要途径——自身消费、收入和妇女赋权——以及其他途径的相互关联性，并包括以前框架中缺乏的背景因素。审查了八个牲畜CRP项目，包括五个牲畜和人类营养综合项目，两项关于食物选择驱动因素的研究，以及一项开发和测试衡量牧民营养结果工具的研究。汲取的主要经验教训是，妇女在牲畜营养途径方面的赋权很重要，但难以衡量；让男性伴侣参与改善畜牧家庭的营养状况；对营养敏感的牲畜项目和研究人员应阐明并衡量他们正在解决的牲畜营养途径；畜牧业不能保证获得动物源性食物；环境和生计不是一成不变的，项目设计应该相应地进行调整；数字数据采集系统可以提供准确及时的营养信息。主要建议包括开发填补计量空白的工具；创建经过验证的工具的较短版本以便于使用；使用具有复杂性意识的评估方法来捕捉牲畜与营养途径和生计转变之间的相互关联性；进行路径分析，以更好地了解框架中的联系并进一步完善。

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来源期刊

Food Security FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-

CiteScore

14.00

自引率

6.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Food Security is a wide audience, interdisciplinary, international journal dedicated to the procurement, access (economic and physical), and quality of food, in all its dimensions. Scales range from the individual to communities, and to the world food system. We strive to publish high-quality scientific articles, where quality includes, but is not limited to, the quality and clarity of text, and the validity of methods and approaches. Food Security is the initiative of a distinguished international group of scientists from different disciplines who hold a deep concern for the challenge of global food security, together with a vision of the power of shared knowledge as a means of meeting that challenge. To address the challenge of global food security, the journal seeks to address the constraints - physical, biological and socio-economic - which not only limit food production but also the ability of people to access a healthy diet. From this perspective, the journal covers the following areas: Global food needs: the mismatch between population and the ability to provide adequate nutrition Global food potential and global food production Natural constraints to satisfying global food needs: § Climate, climate variability, and climate change § Desertification and flooding § Natural disasters § Soils, soil quality and threats to soils, edaphic and other abiotic constraints to production § Biotic constraints to production, pathogens, pests, and weeds in their effects on sustainable production The sociological contexts of food production, access, quality, and consumption. Nutrition, food quality and food safety. Socio-political factors that impinge on the ability to satisfy global food needs: § Land, agricultural and food policy § International relations and trade § Access to food § Financial policy § Wars and ethnic unrest Research policies and priorities to ensure food security in its various dimensions.