Concentration-dependent increase in symptoms due to diesel exhaust in a controlled human exposure study.

IF 7.2 1区医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY

Particle and Fibre Toxicology Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI:10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6

Juma Orach, Christopher Francis Rider, Agnes Che Yan Yuen, Christopher Carlsten

{"title":"Concentration-dependent increase in symptoms due to diesel exhaust in a controlled human exposure study.","authors":"Juma Orach, Christopher Francis Rider, Agnes Che Yan Yuen, Christopher Carlsten","doi":"10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure causes adverse effects on wellbeing and quality of life, which can be studied non-invasively using self-reported symptoms. However, little is known about the effects of different TRAP concentrations on symptoms following controlled exposures, where acute responses can be studied with limited confounding. We investigated the concentration-response relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure, as a model TRAP, and self-reported symptoms.Methods: We recruited 17 healthy non-smokers into a double-blind crossover study where they were exposed to filtered air (FA) and DE standardized to 20, 50, 150 µg/m3 PM2.5 for 4 h, with a ≥ 4-week washout between exposures. Immediately before, and at 4 h and 24 h from the beginning of the exposure, we administered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires and grouped responses into chest, constitutional, eye, neurological, and nasal categories. Additionally, we assessed how the symptom response was related to exposure perception and airway function.Results: An increase in DE concentration raised total (β ± standard error = 0.05 ± 0.03, P = 0.04), constitutional (0.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.03) and eye (0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.05) symptoms at 4 h, modified by perception of temperature, noise, and anxiety. These symptoms were also correlated with airway inflammation. Compared to FA, symptoms were significantly increased at 150 µg/m3 for the total (8.45 ± 3.92, P = 0.04) and eye (3.18 ± 1.55, P = 0.05) categories, with trends towards higher values in the constitutional (1.49 ± 0.86, P = 0.09) and nasal (1.71 ± 0.96, P = 0.08) categories.Conclusion: DE exposure induced a concentration-dependent increase in symptoms, primarily in the eyes and body, that was modified by environmental perception. These observations emphasize the inflammatory and sensory effects of TRAP, with a potential threshold below 150 µg/m3 PM2.5. We demonstrate VAS questionnaires as a useful tool for health monitoring and provide insight into the TRAP concentration-response at exposure levels relevant to public health policy.","PeriodicalId":19847,"journal":{"name":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9685897/pdf/","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Particle and Fibre Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00506-6","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Background: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure causes adverse effects on wellbeing and quality of life, which can be studied non-invasively using self-reported symptoms. However, little is known about the effects of different TRAP concentrations on symptoms following controlled exposures, where acute responses can be studied with limited confounding. We investigated the concentration-response relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure, as a model TRAP, and self-reported symptoms.

Methods: We recruited 17 healthy non-smokers into a double-blind crossover study where they were exposed to filtered air (FA) and DE standardized to 20, 50, 150 µg/m³ PM_2.5 for 4 h, with a ≥ 4-week washout between exposures. Immediately before, and at 4 h and 24 h from the beginning of the exposure, we administered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires and grouped responses into chest, constitutional, eye, neurological, and nasal categories. Additionally, we assessed how the symptom response was related to exposure perception and airway function.

Results: An increase in DE concentration raised total (β ± standard error = 0.05 ± 0.03, P = 0.04), constitutional (0.01 ± 0.01, P = 0.03) and eye (0.02 ± 0.01, P = 0.05) symptoms at 4 h, modified by perception of temperature, noise, and anxiety. These symptoms were also correlated with airway inflammation. Compared to FA, symptoms were significantly increased at 150 µg/m³ for the total (8.45 ± 3.92, P = 0.04) and eye (3.18 ± 1.55, P = 0.05) categories, with trends towards higher values in the constitutional (1.49 ± 0.86, P = 0.09) and nasal (1.71 ± 0.96, P = 0.08) categories.

Conclusion: DE exposure induced a concentration-dependent increase in symptoms, primarily in the eyes and body, that was modified by environmental perception. These observations emphasize the inflammatory and sensory effects of TRAP, with a potential threshold below 150 µg/m³ PM_2.5. We demonstrate VAS questionnaires as a useful tool for health monitoring and provide insight into the TRAP concentration-response at exposure levels relevant to public health policy.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

在一项对照人体暴露研究中，柴油废气引起的浓度依赖性症状增加

背景:与交通相关的空气污染(TRAP)暴露会对健康和生活质量产生不利影响，这可以使用自我报告的症状进行无创研究。然而，不同浓度的TRAP对受控暴露后症状的影响知之甚少，在这种情况下，急性反应可以在有限混淆的情况下进行研究。我们调查了柴油废气(DE)暴露(作为模型TRAP)与自我报告症状之间的浓度-反应关系。方法:我们招募了17名健康的非吸烟者进行双盲交叉研究，让他们暴露于标准为20、50、150µg/m3 PM2.5的过滤空气(FA)和DE中4小时，两次暴露之间有≥4周的洗脱期。在暴露开始前、4小时和24小时，我们进行了视觉模拟量表(VAS)问卷调查，并将反应分为胸部、体质、眼睛、神经系统和鼻腔类别。此外，我们评估了症状反应与暴露感知和气道功能的关系。结果:DE浓度升高使总症状(β±标准误差= 0.05±0.03,P = 0.04)、体质症状(0.01±0.01,P = 0.03)和眼睛症状(0.02±0.01,P = 0.05)升高，温度、噪音和焦虑的感觉改善。这些症状也与气道炎症有关。与FA相比，当浓度为150µg/m3时，总类别(8.45±3.92,P = 0.04)和眼部类别(3.18±1.55,P = 0.05)的症状显著增加，其中体质类别(1.49±0.86,P = 0.09)和鼻腔类别(1.71±0.96,P = 0.08)的症状有升高趋势。结论:DE暴露引起症状的浓度依赖性增加，主要是在眼睛和身体，这是由环境感知改变。这些观察结果强调了TRAP的炎症和感官效应，其潜在阈值低于150µg/m3 PM2.5。我们证明了VAS问卷是健康监测的有用工具，并提供了与公共卫生政策相关的暴露水平下TRAP浓度反应的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Particle and Fibre Toxicology TOXICOLOGY-

CiteScore

15.90

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Particle and Fibre Toxicology is an online journal that is open access and peer-reviewed. It covers a range of disciplines such as material science, biomaterials, and nanomedicine, focusing on the toxicological effects of particles and fibres. The journal serves as a platform for scientific debate and communication among toxicologists and scientists from different fields who work with particle and fibre materials. The main objective of the journal is to deepen our understanding of the physico-chemical properties of particles, their potential for human exposure, and the resulting biological effects. It also addresses regulatory issues related to particle exposure in workplaces and the general environment. Moreover, the journal recognizes that there are various situations where particles can pose a toxicological threat, such as the use of old materials in new applications or the introduction of new materials altogether. By encompassing all these disciplines, Particle and Fibre Toxicology provides a comprehensive source for research in this field.