{"title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathology of cancer and other inflammatory diseases.","authors":"Melanie Herre, Jessica Cedervall, Nigel Mackman, Anna-Karin Olsson","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00062.2021","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, first described in 2004 as a previously unknown strategy of neutrophils to fight microbes, has attracted an increasing interest in the research community. NETs are formed when neutrophils externalize their decondensed chromatin together with content from their azurophilic granules. In addition to their role in defense against microbes, NETs have been implicated as mediators of pathology in sterile inflammation, such as cancer and autoimmunity, and their potential as therapeutic targets is actively explored. However, targeting of NETs is challenging since the beneficial effects of their removal need to be balanced against the potential harmful loss of their function in microbial defense. Moreover, depending on the stimuli or species, NETs can be formed via distinct mechanisms and are not always made up of the same components, making direct comparisons between various studies challenging. This review focuses on the role of NETs in cancer-associated pathology, such as thrombosis, organ dysfunction, and metastasis. Different strategies to target NETs, by either preventing their formation or degrading existing ones, are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9576172/pdf/","citationCount":"15","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physiological reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00062.2021","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/8/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, first described in 2004 as a previously unknown strategy of neutrophils to fight microbes, has attracted an increasing interest in the research community. NETs are formed when neutrophils externalize their decondensed chromatin together with content from their azurophilic granules. In addition to their role in defense against microbes, NETs have been implicated as mediators of pathology in sterile inflammation, such as cancer and autoimmunity, and their potential as therapeutic targets is actively explored. However, targeting of NETs is challenging since the beneficial effects of their removal need to be balanced against the potential harmful loss of their function in microbial defense. Moreover, depending on the stimuli or species, NETs can be formed via distinct mechanisms and are not always made up of the same components, making direct comparisons between various studies challenging. This review focuses on the role of NETs in cancer-associated pathology, such as thrombosis, organ dysfunction, and metastasis. Different strategies to target NETs, by either preventing their formation or degrading existing ones, are also discussed.
期刊介绍:
Physiological Reviews is a highly regarded journal that covers timely issues in physiological and biomedical sciences. It is targeted towards physiologists, neuroscientists, cell biologists, biophysicists, and clinicians with a special interest in pathophysiology. The journal has an ISSN of 0031-9333 for print and 1522-1210 for online versions. It has a unique publishing frequency where articles are published individually, but regular quarterly issues are also released in January, April, July, and October. The articles in this journal provide state-of-the-art and comprehensive coverage of various topics. They are valuable for teaching and research purposes as they offer interesting and clearly written updates on important new developments. Physiological Reviews holds a prominent position in the scientific community and consistently ranks as the most impactful journal in the field of physiology.