Anatomical and immunohistochemical analyses of the fusion of the premaxillary-maxillary suture in human fetuses.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE
Ling Zhu, Wen-Hua Ruan, Wu-Qun Han, Wei-Zhong Gu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: The development of the premaxillary-maxillary suture (PMS) in human fetuses and a possible association between the fusion time of the PMS and maxillary deficiency were investigated. Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1 and TGF-β3) and of fibulins (fibulin‑1 and fibulin-5) were also investigated.

Methods: We analyzed 36 human fetus cadavers (19 males, 17 females; average age 23.97 ± 2.57 gestational weeks [gws], range 11-35 gws). Two cases, diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS), were characterized with maxillary deficiency; 34 fetus cadavers did not show any craniofacial abnormalities. The PMS was analyzed anatomically, followed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC)-based expression analyses (i.e., TGF-β1/-β3, fibulin-1/-5). Spearman correlation test was conducted to investigate correlations.

Results: In the fetuses without DS, the labial region of the PMS was open at 11 gws, after which it began to ossify from the middle to the upper and lower ends of the suture, typically fusing completely at 27 gws. Fetuses with DS demonstrated complete fusion of the labial region of PMS with a spongy bone structure at 23 gws and those without DS at 27 gws. IHC revealed similar patterns of TGF-βs and fibulins expression in the PMS during the human fetal period. There were significant positive correlations between the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 (r = 0.64, p = 0.009), TGF-β1 and fibulin‑1 (r = 0.66, p = 0.008), and TGF-β3 and fibulin‑1 (r = 0.67, p = 0.006).

Conclusion: Premature fusion of the PMS in the labial region during the human fetal period may be associated with maxillary deficiency, which is related to a class III malocclusion. Overall, the similar expression patterns of TGF-β1, TGF-β3 and fibulin‑1 suggested a close relationship between these factors in regulating the development of the PMS.

人类胎儿颌前-颌缝融合的解剖学和免疫组化分析。
目的:研究人类胎儿颌前-颌缝(PMS)的发育以及 PMS 的融合时间与上颌骨缺损之间可能存在的联系。此外,还研究了转化生长因子β(TGF-β1 和 TGF-β3)和纤维蛋白(fibulin-1 和 fibulin-5)的表达:我们分析了 36 例人类胎儿尸体(19 例男性,17 例女性;平均年龄为 23.97±2.57 孕周[gws],范围为 11-35 孕周)。其中两例被诊断为唐氏综合征(DS),表现为上颌骨缺损;34 例胎儿尸体未显示任何颅面畸形。对 PMS 进行解剖分析,然后进行基于免疫组化(IHC)的半定量表达分析(即 TGF-β1/-β3、纤维蛋白-1/-5)。对相关性进行了斯皮尔曼相关检验:在没有 DS 的胎儿中,PMS 的唇部在 11 gws 时是开放的,之后开始从中间向缝线的上下两端骨化,一般在 27 gws 时完全融合。有DS的胎儿在出生后23周时,PMS的唇部与海绵状骨结构完全融合,而没有DS的胎儿则在出生后27周时完全融合。IHC 显示,在人类胎儿时期,PMS 中的 TGF-βs 和纤维蛋白表达模式相似。TGF-β1和TGF-β3(r = 0.64,p = 0.009)、TGF-β1和纤维蛋白-1(r = 0.66,p = 0.008)、TGF-β3和纤维蛋白-1(r = 0.67,p = 0.006)的表达呈明显的正相关:结论:人类胎儿期唇部PMS的过早融合可能与上颌骨缺损有关,而上颌骨缺损又与III类错牙合畸形有关。总之,TGF-β1、TGF-β3 和 fibulin-1 的相似表达模式表明,这些因子在调控 PMS 的发育过程中存在密切关系。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
64
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics provides orthodontists and dentists who are also actively interested in orthodontics, whether in university clinics or private practice, with highly authoritative and up-to-date information based on experimental and clinical research. The journal is one of the leading publications for the promulgation of the results of original work both in the areas of scientific and clinical orthodontics and related areas. All articles undergo peer review before publication. The German Society of Orthodontics (DGKFO) also publishes in the journal important communications, statements and announcements.
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