Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins.

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Takashi Yamamoto
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as sprayable pesticides for many decades. Bt strains utilized in these products produce multiple insecticidal proteins to complement a narrow insect specificity of each protein. In the late 1990s, genes encoding Bt insecticidal proteins were expressed in crop plants such as cotton and corn to protect these crops from insect damage. The first Bt protein used in transgenic cotton was Cry1Ac to control Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). Cry1Ab was applied to corn to control Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer). Since these insects have developed resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab, new Bt proteins are required to overcome the resistance. In order to protect corn furthermore, it is desired to control Diabrotica virgifera (Western corn rootworm), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm). Recently, many new Bt insecticidal proteins have been discovered, but most of them require protein engineering to meet the high activity standard for commercialization. The engineering process for higher activity necessary for Bt crops is called optimization. The seed industry has been optimizing Bt insecticidal proteins to improve their insecticidal activity. In this review, several optimization projects, which have led to substantial activity increases of Bt insecticidal proteins, are described.

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苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白的工程研究。
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)作为喷雾农药已经使用了几十年。这些产品中使用的Bt菌株产生多种杀虫蛋白,以补充每种蛋白的狭窄昆虫特异性。在20世纪90年代末,编码Bt杀虫蛋白的基因在棉花和玉米等作物中表达,以保护这些作物免受昆虫的伤害。第一个用于转基因棉花的Bt蛋白是用于防治烟草芽虫的Cry1Ac。将Cry1Ab用于玉米防治欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)。由于这些昆虫已经对Cry1Ac和Cry1Ab产生了抗性,因此需要新的Bt蛋白来克服这种抗性。为了进一步保护玉米,应防治玉米根虫、玉米耳虫和秋粘虫。近年来,人们发现了许多新的Bt杀虫蛋白,但它们大多需要通过蛋白质工程才能达到较高的活性标准。Bt作物所需的提高活性的工程过程被称为优化。种业一直在优化Bt杀虫蛋白,以提高其杀虫活性。本文综述了几个优化项目,这些项目已导致Bt杀虫蛋白活性的大幅提高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pesticide Science
Journal of Pesticide Science 农林科学-昆虫学
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.20%
发文量
28
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Pesticide Science publishes the results of original research regarding the chemistry and biochemistry of pesticides including bio-based materials. It also covers their metabolism, toxicology, environmental fate and formulation.
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