Identification of key genes and their association with immune infiltration in adipose tissue of obese patients: a bioinformatic analysis.

Abstract

Immune cell-mediated adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to obesity-related metabolic disorders, but the precise underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we used the R software to screen key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AT from lean and obese individuals and conducted function enrichment analysis. We then analysed their PPI network by using the STRING database. Hub genes were screened by cytohubba plugin. Subsequently, CIBERSORTx was used to predict the proportion of immune cells in AT from lean and obese subjects. Finally, the correlation between hub genes and immune cell proportions was analysed. These studies identified 290 DEGs in the AT between lean and obese subjects. Among them, IL6, CCL19, CXCL8, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2, IL1B, and CXCL1 were proved to be hub genes in regulating the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We also found that CXCL8 is positively correlated with resting NK cells, monocytes, activated mast cells, and eosinophils, but negatively correlated with CD8⁺ T cells and activated NK cells in obese individuals. Taken together, our study identified key genes in AT that are correlated with immune cell infiltration, uncovering potential new targets for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related complications via regulating the immune microenvironment.