Winfried Neuhaus, Birgit Reininger-Gutmann, Beate Rinner, Roberto Plasenzotti, Doris Wilflingseder, Joery De Kock, Tamara Vanhaecke, Vera Rogiers, Dagmar Jírová, Kristina Kejlová, Lisbeth E Knudsen, Rasmus Normann Nielsen, Burkhard Kleuser, Vivian Kral, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Thomas Hartung, Giorgia Pallocca, Costanza Rovida, Marcel Leist, Stefan Hippenstiel, Annemarie Lang, Ida Retter, Stephanie Krämer, Peter Jedlicka, Katharina Ameli, Ellen Fritsche, Julia Tigges, Eliška Kuchovská, Manuela Buettner, Andre Bleich, Nadine Baumgart, Jan Baumgart, Marcus W Meinhardt, Rainer Spanagel, Sabine Chourbaji, Bettina Kränzlin, Bettina Seeger, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede, José M Sánchez-Morgado, Viola Galligioni, Daniel Ruiz-Pérez, Dania Movia, Adriele Prina-Mello, Arti Ahluwalia, Valeria Chiono, Arno C Gutleb, Marthe Schmit, Bea van Golen, Leane van Weereld, Anne Kienhuis, Erica van Oort, Jan van der Valk, Adrian Smith, Joanna Roszak, Maciej Stępnik, Zuzanna Sobańska, Edyta Reszka, I Anna S Olsson, Nuno Henrique Franco, Bogdan Sevastre, Helena Kandarova, Sara Capdevila, Jessica Johansson, Emma Svensk, Christopher R Cederroth, Jenny Sandström, Ian Ragan, Nataliia Bubalo, Jens Kurreck, Horst Spielmann
{"title":"The Current Status and Work of Three Rs Centres and Platforms in Europe.","authors":"Winfried Neuhaus, Birgit Reininger-Gutmann, Beate Rinner, Roberto Plasenzotti, Doris Wilflingseder, Joery De Kock, Tamara Vanhaecke, Vera Rogiers, Dagmar Jírová, Kristina Kejlová, Lisbeth E Knudsen, Rasmus Normann Nielsen, Burkhard Kleuser, Vivian Kral, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Thomas Hartung, Giorgia Pallocca, Costanza Rovida, Marcel Leist, Stefan Hippenstiel, Annemarie Lang, Ida Retter, Stephanie Krämer, Peter Jedlicka, Katharina Ameli, Ellen Fritsche, Julia Tigges, Eliška Kuchovská, Manuela Buettner, Andre Bleich, Nadine Baumgart, Jan Baumgart, Marcus W Meinhardt, Rainer Spanagel, Sabine Chourbaji, Bettina Kränzlin, Bettina Seeger, Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede, José M Sánchez-Morgado, Viola Galligioni, Daniel Ruiz-Pérez, Dania Movia, Adriele Prina-Mello, Arti Ahluwalia, Valeria Chiono, Arno C Gutleb, Marthe Schmit, Bea van Golen, Leane van Weereld, Anne Kienhuis, Erica van Oort, Jan van der Valk, Adrian Smith, Joanna Roszak, Maciej Stępnik, Zuzanna Sobańska, Edyta Reszka, I Anna S Olsson, Nuno Henrique Franco, Bogdan Sevastre, Helena Kandarova, Sara Capdevila, Jessica Johansson, Emma Svensk, Christopher R Cederroth, Jenny Sandström, Ian Ragan, Nataliia Bubalo, Jens Kurreck, Horst Spielmann","doi":"10.1177/02611929221140909","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adoption of <i>Directive 2010/63/EU</i> on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. <i>ATLA</i>'s 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of <i>Directive 2010/63/EU</i> 'on the ground' in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":520549,"journal":{"name":"Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA","volume":" ","pages":"381-413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02611929221140909","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
The adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. ATLA's 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of Directive 2010/63/EU 'on the ground' in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general.
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