Are There Differences in the Cranial Base of Humans and Apes?

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-16 DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.06.018

Michael S Benninger, Kaylin E Benninger, Timothy Haffey, Robert S Butler

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Differences in skull-base angles between humans, other hominid species and apes might account for the ability of humans to develop complex speech. This study compared midline skull base angles, and angles related to insertion of skull base musculature between these species.

Methods: 126 human adult, 29 adolescent, 19 children, and 13 fetus skulls were compared to 32 ape and a subset of non-human antiquity hominid casts of skulls (13). Cranial base measurements were taken using an eMicroscribe 3d G2 digitizer. Midline and muscle insertion measurements were obtained.

Results: There were statistical differences in both the midline angles of the skull base (humans, 119^o; apes, 130^o) and in the Skull base angles related to points of muscle insertion (humans, 113^o; apes, 124^o), with humans exhibiting a more acute angle than the apes and other non-human hominids. There were no differences between human adults and children CONCLUSION: Acute angle differentiation of the midline skull base between humans and apes was confirmed with an alternate measurement method. Whether these angular differences are the primary reason for the lower position of the larynx in humans and the potential for more complex speech is still in debate.

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人类和猿类的颅底是否存在差异？

目的：人类、其他类人猿物种和类人猿之间头骨基底角度的差异可能是人类发展复杂语言能力的原因。方法：将 126 个人类成人头骨、29 个青少年头骨、19 个儿童头骨和 13 个胎儿头骨与 32 个猿类头骨和一部分非人类古人类头骨（13 个）进行比较。颅底测量使用 eMicroscribe 3d G2 数字化仪进行。结果：颅底中线角度（人类，119o；类人猿，130o）和与肌肉插入点相关的颅底角度（人类，113o；类人猿，124o）均存在统计学差异，人类比类人猿和其他非人类动物的颅底角度更尖锐。结论：通过另一种测量方法，证实了人类和类人猿颅底中线的锐角差异。这些角度差异是否是导致人类喉部位置较低并可能产生更复杂语音的主要原因，目前仍有争议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Bio Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of biomaterials and biointerfaces including and beyond the traditional biosensing, biomedical and therapeutic applications. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important bio applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses the relationship between structure and function and assesses the stability and degradation of materials under relevant environmental and biological conditions.