Effects of a DNA and multivalent oil-adjuvanted vaccines against pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3

IF 2.2 Q2 FISHERIES

Fish and shellfish immunology reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100063

Ragnar Thorarinsson , Jeffrey C. Wolf , Makoto Inami , Hilde Sindre , Eystein Skjerve , Øystein Evensen , Espen Rimstad

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Abstract

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In seawater-farmed salmonids in the southern part of Norway SAV subtype 3 (SAV3) is dominating. PD continues to cause significant economic and fish health concerns in this region despite years of extensive use of oil-adjuvanted vaccines (OAVs) containing inactivated whole virus (IWV) antigens. In the current study, three commercially available PD vaccines were tested. Group A got a DNA vaccine (DNAV) injected intramuscularly (i.m.) plus an OAV without a PD component injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Groups B and C got different OAV IWV vaccines injected i.p., respectively. The control group was i.p. injected with saline. Approximately 12 weeks after vaccination, the post smolt groups were challenged in seawater with SAV3 by cohabitation. Samples were collected pre-challenge, and at 19, 54 and 83 days post-challenge (dpc). There were no differences in growth or visible intraperitoneal side effects between the immunized groups prior to challenge. Fish in group A had significantly higher SAV3 neutralizing antibody titers than the other groups pre-challenge and significantly lower SAV3 viremia levels than the control group at 19 dpc. Fish in group A had significantly more weight gain than the other groups measured at 54 and 83 dpc. Prevalence and severity of heart necrosis at 19 dpc and loss of exocrine pancreas tissue at 54 and 83 dpc were significantly lower in groups A and B compared to group C and controls. The cumulative mortality in the control group during the challenge period was 10.5%. Group A experienced the lowest mortality (6.4%) albeit not statistically different from the controls. The results suggest that DNAV may reduce the clinical and economic impact of PD by improved protection against SAV3-induced changes in pancreas tissue and growth impairment.

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DNA和多价油佐剂疫苗对大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)胰腺疾病感染鲑科病毒亚型3的作用

鲑鱼α病毒(SAV)引起大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)胰腺疾病(PD)。在挪威南部海水养殖的鲑鱼中，SAV亚型3 (SAV3)占主导地位。尽管多年来广泛使用含有灭活全病毒(IWV)抗原的油佐剂疫苗(oav)，但PD仍在该地区引起重大的经济和鱼类健康问题。在目前的研究中，测试了三种市售的PD疫苗。A组小鼠肌内注射DNA疫苗(DNAV)，腹腔注射不含PD成分的OAV (i.p)。B组和C组分别注射不同的OAV - IWV疫苗。对照组小鼠ig生理盐水。接种疫苗约12周后，幼崽组在海水中以同居方式攻毒。分别于攻毒前、19、54和83 d采集样品。在攻击前，免疫组之间的生长或明显的腹腔内副作用没有差异。A组鱼在攻毒前的SAV3中和抗体滴度显著高于其他各组，在19 dpc时的SAV3病毒血症水平显著低于对照组。A组鱼的增重显著高于其他两组，分别为54%和83%。与C组和对照组相比，A组和B组的心脏坏死患病率和严重程度在19 dpc，外分泌胰腺组织损失在54和83 dpc显著降低。对照组在攻毒期的累计死亡率为10.5%。A组的死亡率最低(6.4%)，尽管与对照组没有统计学差异。结果表明，DNAV可能通过改善对sav3诱导的胰腺组织变化和生长损伤的保护，减少PD的临床和经济影响。

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来源期刊

Fish and shellfish immunology reports

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks