Body composition of extreme performers in the US Marine Corps.

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI:10.1136/military-2022-002189

Adam W Potter, L D Soto, K E Friedl

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The creation of highly muscled and strong fighters is a recurring theme in human performance enhancement concepts. Physical readiness standards, intended to prevent obesity in the military, produce contradictory objectives, hounding large individuals to lose weight because of confusion between body size and body composition. Through selection, specialised training and policy exceptions the US Marine Corps has successfully developed a unique group of large (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m²) and strong individuals, the body bearers (BB) who carry coffins of Marines to their final resting place.

Methods: We examined the relationship between adiposity and body size from nine male BB (age 25.0±2.1, height: 1.84±0.04 (1.80-1.92) m, BMI: 33.0±2.1 (30-37) kg/m²). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and tape measured abdominal circumference (AC)-based equations and from three-dimensional scanning (3DS).

Results: Measures were made of fat-free mass (FFM): 90.5±7.0 (82.0-106.7) kg, where FFM included total body water: 62.8±5.0 (55.8-71.8) L, representing 69±2 (67-73) % of FFM, along with calculated FFM index: 26.8±2.4 (24.4-32.9) kg/m²). DXA measures were made for bone mineral content 4.1±0.4 (3.5-4.9) kg, bone mineral density (BMD) 1.56±0.10 (1.37-1.76) g/cm² and %BF 19.5±6.6 (9.0-27.8). Additional measures of percent body fat (%BF) were made by AC: 20.3±2.9 (15.2-24.6), BIA: 23.7±6.4 (9.8-29.2) and 3DS: 25.5±4.7 (18.9-32.2). AC %BF reasonably matched DXA %BF, with expected overprediction and underprediction at low and high DXA %BF. BIA %BF was affected by deviations from assumed FFM hydration (72%-73%).

Conclusion: These men are classified as obese by BMI but carried massive amounts of muscle and bone on their large frames, while presenting a range of %BF irrelevant to strength performance. BMI did not predict obesity and adiposity had no association with muscle mass and strength performance.

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美国海军陆战队极限运动员的身体组成。

背景：打造肌肉发达、身强力壮的战士是人体性能提升概念中反复出现的主题。旨在防止军队肥胖的体能准备标准产生了相互矛盾的目标，由于混淆了体型和身体成分，迫使大块头的人减肥。美国海军陆战队通过选拔、专门训练和政策例外，成功地培养出了一批独特的体型庞大（体重指数（BMI）>30 kg/m2）、身强力壮的人，即抬棺人（BB），他们将海军陆战队员的棺材抬到他们最后的安息之地：我们研究了 9 名男性 BB（年龄：25.0±2.1 岁；身高：1.84±0.04 (1.80-1.92) m；体重指数：33.0±2.1 (30-37) kg/m2）的脂肪含量与体型之间的关系。通过双能 X 射线吸收测量法（DXA）、生物电阻抗法（BIA）、基于计算公式的腹围测量法（AC）和三维扫描法（3DS）对身体成分进行评估：测量的无脂肪质量（FFM）：90.5±7.0（82.0-106.7）千克，其中 FFM 包括身体总水分：62.8±5.0（55.8-71.8）升，占 FFM 的 69±2（67-73）%，以及计算的 FFM 指数：26.8±2.4（24.4-32.9）kg/m2）。DXA 测量的骨矿物质含量为 4.1±0.4 (3.5-4.9) kg，骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 为 1.56±0.10 (1.37-1.76) g/cm2 和 %BF 为 19.5±6.6 (9.0-27.8)。体脂百分比（%BF）的其他测量方法包括 AC：20.3±2.9（15.2-24.6）、BIA：23.7±6.4（9.8-29.2）和 3DS：25.5±4.7（18.9-32.2）。AC %BF 与 DXA %BF 大致吻合，但在低和高 DXA %BF 时会出现预估过高和预估过低的情况。BIA %BF 受假定 FFM 水合偏差（72%-73%）的影响：结论：根据体重指数，这些男性被归类为肥胖，但在他们魁梧的身材上却有大量的肌肉和骨骼，同时呈现出与力量表现无关的百分比比容范围。体重指数并不能预测肥胖程度，脂肪含量与肌肉质量和力量表现也没有关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.