Outdoor and early hour human biting activities of malaria mosquitoes and the suitability of clay pot for outdoor resting mosquito collection in malaria endemic villages of southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia
{"title":"Outdoor and early hour human biting activities of malaria mosquitoes and the suitability of clay pot for outdoor resting mosquito collection in malaria endemic villages of southern Rift Valley, Ethiopia","authors":"Tamirat Tomas, Nigatu Eligo, Girum Tamiru, Fekadu Massebo","doi":"10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00278","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sampling adult <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes is important for assessing vector density, estimating the sporozoite infection rate, and quantifying the impact of vector control interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito species composition, and their outdoor and indoor biting activities, and to evaluate the suitability of clay pots for indoor and outdoor resting mosquito collections.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two malaria-endemic villages in the Gamo zone were purposely selected. Forty clay pots were deployed for outdoor resting mosquitoes sampling and another forty for indoor resting sampling. Twenty pit shelters were constructed for outdoor resting mosquito collection. The human landing catch (HLC) technique was employed to collect indoor and outdoor host-seeking mosquitoes in two households in each village. Morphological identification of the <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito was done using an identification key. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used for blood meal origin and circumsporozoite proteins (CSP) test. Speciation of <em>An. gambiae</em> complex was done using polymerase chain reaction. A Chi-square test was used to compare the effectiveness of clay pot and pit shelters for outdoor resting sampling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 904 female <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes comprising <em>An. gambiae</em> complex, <em>An. pharoensis</em>, <em>An. tenebrosus</em>, <em>An. dencalicus</em> and <em>An. demelloni</em> were sampled. The majority (64%) of them were sampled by the HLC technique. There was a slight difference between the outdoor clay pot (19%) and pit shelter (17%) collection. No <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes were collected indoor using clay pots. All mosquitoes were tested for CSPs, but none of them were found to be positive. <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes were tending to bite humans outdoor than indoors, and their peak biting hours was 10–11 pm. The human blood meal index of <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes was 0.07 from pit shelters and it was 0.04 from clay pots. The bovine blood meal index was 0.45 for mosquitoes from both pit shelters and clay pot collections.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> was the predominant species and it was tending to bite cattle more than humans. Clay pot could be suitable for outdoor resting mosquito collection, but not for indoor resting species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37873,"journal":{"name":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/79/main.PMC9636569.pdf","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673122000423","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Background
Sampling adult Anopheles mosquitoes is important for assessing vector density, estimating the sporozoite infection rate, and quantifying the impact of vector control interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the Anopheles mosquito species composition, and their outdoor and indoor biting activities, and to evaluate the suitability of clay pots for indoor and outdoor resting mosquito collections.
Methods
Two malaria-endemic villages in the Gamo zone were purposely selected. Forty clay pots were deployed for outdoor resting mosquitoes sampling and another forty for indoor resting sampling. Twenty pit shelters were constructed for outdoor resting mosquito collection. The human landing catch (HLC) technique was employed to collect indoor and outdoor host-seeking mosquitoes in two households in each village. Morphological identification of the Anopheles mosquito was done using an identification key. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used for blood meal origin and circumsporozoite proteins (CSP) test. Speciation of An. gambiae complex was done using polymerase chain reaction. A Chi-square test was used to compare the effectiveness of clay pot and pit shelters for outdoor resting sampling.
Results
A total of 904 female Anopheles mosquitoes comprising An. gambiae complex, An. pharoensis, An. tenebrosus, An. dencalicus and An. demelloni were sampled. The majority (64%) of them were sampled by the HLC technique. There was a slight difference between the outdoor clay pot (19%) and pit shelter (17%) collection. No Anopheles mosquitoes were collected indoor using clay pots. All mosquitoes were tested for CSPs, but none of them were found to be positive. Anopheles mosquitoes were tending to bite humans outdoor than indoors, and their peak biting hours was 10–11 pm. The human blood meal index of Anopheles mosquitoes was 0.07 from pit shelters and it was 0.04 from clay pots. The bovine blood meal index was 0.45 for mosquitoes from both pit shelters and clay pot collections.
Conclusion
Anopheles arabiensis was the predominant species and it was tending to bite cattle more than humans. Clay pot could be suitable for outdoor resting mosquito collection, but not for indoor resting species.
期刊介绍：
Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
