Revisiting Galen: enduring contributions from ancient times towards modern neurosurgery.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Journal of neurosurgical sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-28 DOI:10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05821-0
Jakov Tiefenbach, Andreas K Demetriades
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This historical vignette aims to reflect on the life of Claudius Galen and critically discuss his contributions towards modern neurosurgical practice; specifically, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and cranial trepanation. Born in 129 AD in the Greek city of Pergamon, Galen dedicated his early life to the study of medicine and established himself as one of the foremost physicians of the time. Through vivisections of Barbary apes, he was one of the first to provide a detailed description of cranial nerves, the ventricular system of the brain, and various deep brain structures. He made an important distinction between motor and sensory nerves and mapped out the fundamental arrangement of neuronal fibers within the spinal cord. However, his fundamental understanding of neurophysiology, as well as cerebral blood circulation, was largely flawed as it was based on speculation of inter-species comparative anatomy. On the technical side, he made a modest contribution to the practice of cranial trepanation and his writings helped establish the technique as an essential component of a surgeon's armamentarium. His work in the fields relevant to modern neurosurgery, although imperfect with the benefit of hindsight, laid the important foundation for much of the progress of neurosurgical practice in the Renaissance and beyond.

重温盖伦:从古代到现代神经外科的不朽贡献。
本历史小故事旨在回顾克劳狄乌斯-盖伦的一生,批判性地讨论他对现代神经外科实践的贡献,特别是神经解剖学、神经生理学和开颅术。盖伦于公元 129 年出生于希腊城市佩加蒙,早年致力于医学研究,并成为当时最重要的医生之一。通过对巴巴利猿的活体解剖,他是最早详细描述颅神经、脑室系统和各种脑深部结构的人之一。他对运动神经和感觉神经进行了重要区分,并绘制了脊髓内神经纤维的基本排列图。然而,他对神经生理学以及脑血液循环的基本认识在很大程度上是有缺陷的,因为它是建立在对物种间比较解剖学的推测基础上的。在技术方面,他为开颅术的实践做出了微薄的贡献,他的著作帮助开颅术成为外科医生的必备技术。他在现代神经外科相关领域的工作,尽管事后看来并不完美,但却为文艺复兴时期及以后的神经外科实践奠定了重要基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of neurosurgical sciences
Journal of neurosurgical sciences CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-SURGERY
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.30%
发文量
202
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences publishes scientific papers on neurosurgery and related subjects (electroencephalography, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropathology, stereotaxy, neuroanatomy, neuroradiology, etc.). Manuscripts may be submitted in the form of ditorials, original articles, review articles, special articles, letters to the Editor and guidelines. The journal aims to provide its readers with papers of the highest quality and impact through a process of careful peer review and editorial work.
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