New vector and vaccine platforms: mRNA, DNA, viral vectors.

IF 4.5 3区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI:10.1097/COH.0000000000000763

Tomáš Hanke

{"title":"New vector and vaccine platforms: mRNA, DNA, viral vectors.","authors":"Tomáš Hanke","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000763","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to share the excitement of new developments in the field of vaccine vector modalities against infectious diseases. The focus is on HIV-1/AIDS with reference to the most successful as well as currently tested COVID-19 vaccines, and human trials, which best inform iterative vaccine improvements.Recent findings: Several genetic subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated protection against severe disease, obtained Emergency Use Authorization and scaled their production to billions of doses. Many more are in efficacy evaluation. In contrast, development of HIV-1 vaccines has been extremely difficult. Perseverance of scientists is deepening our understanding of what constitutes immunity against HIV-1 infection and how to achieve protective levels of relevant responses by active immunization, passive administration or a combination of both. Novel platforms led by RNA play a pivotal role. However, a difficult virus may require a complex approach. Proof of concept for HIV-1 prevention and cure might be at reach, and when it arrives, it will be a great and needed encouragement to the field.Summary: Despite the enormous success of drug treatment, vaccines remain the best solution and likely a necessary component of any package that truly ends the AIDS epidemic.","PeriodicalId":10949,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":"338-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000763","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to share the excitement of new developments in the field of vaccine vector modalities against infectious diseases. The focus is on HIV-1/AIDS with reference to the most successful as well as currently tested COVID-19 vaccines, and human trials, which best inform iterative vaccine improvements.

Recent findings: Several genetic subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated protection against severe disease, obtained Emergency Use Authorization and scaled their production to billions of doses. Many more are in efficacy evaluation. In contrast, development of HIV-1 vaccines has been extremely difficult. Perseverance of scientists is deepening our understanding of what constitutes immunity against HIV-1 infection and how to achieve protective levels of relevant responses by active immunization, passive administration or a combination of both. Novel platforms led by RNA play a pivotal role. However, a difficult virus may require a complex approach. Proof of concept for HIV-1 prevention and cure might be at reach, and when it arrives, it will be a great and needed encouragement to the field.

Summary: Despite the enormous success of drug treatment, vaccines remain the best solution and likely a necessary component of any package that truly ends the AIDS epidemic.

查看原文本刊更多论文

新的载体和疫苗平台:mRNA、DNA、病毒载体。

综述的目的:本综述的目的是分享传染病疫苗载体模式领域的新发展。重点是艾滋病毒-1/艾滋病，参考最成功和目前测试的COVID-19疫苗，以及人体试验，这些试验为反复改进疫苗提供了最佳信息。最近的发现:几种针对SARS-CoV-2的遗传亚单位疫苗显示出对严重疾病的保护作用，获得了紧急使用授权，并将其生产规模扩大到数十亿剂。更多的是功效评估。相比之下，HIV-1疫苗的开发一直极其困难。科学家的坚持不懈正在加深我们对什么是对艾滋病毒-1感染的免疫以及如何通过主动免疫、被动给药或两者结合达到相关反应的保护水平的理解。由RNA主导的新型平台发挥着关键作用。然而，一种难对付的病毒可能需要一种复杂的方法。HIV-1预防和治疗的概念证明可能即将实现，当它实现时，这将是对该领域的巨大和必要的鼓励。摘要:尽管药物治疗取得了巨大成功，但疫苗仍然是最好的解决办法，而且可能是真正结束艾滋病流行的任何一揽子计划的必要组成部分。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS IMMUNOLOGY-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.30%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Published bimonthly and offering a unique and wide ranging perspective on the key developments in the field, each issue of Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS features hand-picked review articles from our team of expert editors. With six disciplines published across the year – including HIV and ageing, a HIV vaccine, and epidemiology – every issue also contains annotated reference detailing the merits of the most important papers.