{"title":"Technical Background for 4D Flow MR Imaging.","authors":"Masaki Terada, Yasuo Takehara, Haruo Isoda, Tetsuya Wakayama, Atsushi Nozaki","doi":"10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0104","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the hemodynamic assessments with 3D cine phase-contrast (PC) MRI (4D flow MRI) have attracted considerable attention from clinicians. Unlike 2D cine PC MRI, the technique allows for cardiac phase-resolved data acquisitions of flow velocity vectors within the entire FOV during a clinically viable period. Thus, the method has enabled retrospective flowmetry in the spatial and temporal axes, which are essential to derive hemodynamic parameters related to vascular homeostasis and those to the progression of the pathologies. Accelerations in imaging are critical for this technology to be clinically viable; however, a high SNR or velocity-to-noise ratio (VNR) is also vital for accurate flow measurements. In this chapter, the technologies enabling this difficult balance are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":"21 2","pages":"267-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/90/mrms-21-267.PMC9680548.pdf","citationCount":"6","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0104","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/2/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Abstract
Recently, the hemodynamic assessments with 3D cine phase-contrast (PC) MRI (4D flow MRI) have attracted considerable attention from clinicians. Unlike 2D cine PC MRI, the technique allows for cardiac phase-resolved data acquisitions of flow velocity vectors within the entire FOV during a clinically viable period. Thus, the method has enabled retrospective flowmetry in the spatial and temporal axes, which are essential to derive hemodynamic parameters related to vascular homeostasis and those to the progression of the pathologies. Accelerations in imaging are critical for this technology to be clinically viable; however, a high SNR or velocity-to-noise ratio (VNR) is also vital for accurate flow measurements. In this chapter, the technologies enabling this difficult balance are discussed.
期刊介绍：
Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (MRMS or Magn
Reson Med Sci) is an international journal pursuing the
publication of original articles contributing to the progress
of magnetic resonance in the field of biomedical sciences
including technical developments and clinical applications.
MRMS is an official journal of the Japanese Society for
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (JSMRM).
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