Genomic Chaos Begets Psychiatric Disorder.

Abstract

The processes that created the primordial genome are inextricably linked to current day vulnerability to developing a psychiatric disorder as summarized in this review article. Chaos and dynamic forces including duplication, transposition, and recombination generated the protogenome. To survive early stages of genome evolution, self-organization emerged to curb chaos. Eventually, the human genome evolved through a delicate balance of chaos/instability and organization/stability. However, recombination coldspots, silencing of transposable elements, and other measures to limit chaos also led to retention of variants that increase risk for disease. Moreover, ongoing dynamics in the genome creates various new mutations that determine liability for psychiatric disorders. Homologous recombination, long-range gene regulation, and gene interactions were all guided by spooky action-at-a-distance, which increased variability in the system. A probabilistic system of life was required to deal with a changing environment. This ensured the generation of outliers in the population, which enhanced the probability that some members would survive unfavorable environmental impacts. Some of the outliers produced through this process in man are ill suited to cope with the complex demands of modern life. Genomic chaos and mental distress from the psychological challenges of modern living will inevitably converge to produce psychiatric disorders in man.