{"title":"Between communism and capitalism: long-term inequality in Poland, 1892-2015.","authors":"Paweł Bukowski, Filip Novokmet","doi":"10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We construct the first consistent series on the long-term distribution of income in Poland by combining tax, household survey and national accounts data. We document a U-shaped evolution of inequalities from the end of the nineteenth century until today: (1) inequality was high before WWII; (2) abruptly fell after the introduction of communism in 1947 and stagnated at low levels during the whole communist period; (3) experienced a sharp rise with the return to capitalism in 1989. We find that official survey-based measures strongly under-estimate the rise in inequality since 1989. Our results highlight the prominent role of capital income in driving the U-shaped evolution of top income shares. The unique inequality history of Poland speaks to the central role of institutions and policies in shaping inequality in the long run.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"26 2","pages":"187-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1","citationCount":"10","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Economic Growth","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/6/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Abstract
We construct the first consistent series on the long-term distribution of income in Poland by combining tax, household survey and national accounts data. We document a U-shaped evolution of inequalities from the end of the nineteenth century until today: (1) inequality was high before WWII; (2) abruptly fell after the introduction of communism in 1947 and stagnated at low levels during the whole communist period; (3) experienced a sharp rise with the return to capitalism in 1989. We find that official survey-based measures strongly under-estimate the rise in inequality since 1989. Our results highlight the prominent role of capital income in driving the U-shaped evolution of top income shares. The unique inequality history of Poland speaks to the central role of institutions and policies in shaping inequality in the long run.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Economic Growth, is designed to serve as the principal outlet for theoretical as well as empirical research in economic growth and dynamic macroeconomics. The editorial board consists of prominent researchers in the fields of economic growth, dynamic macroeconomics, international economics, urban economics, migration, and development, who are committed to academic excellence. Members of the editorial board are actively involved in the refereeing process of each paper and assure that the review process is of an exceptional quality. Furthermore, the journal commits itself to a timely response. The journal encourages the submission of high quality research broadly concerned with: Neoclassical Growth Models
Endogenous Growth Models
Income Distribution and Growth
Human Capital and Growth
Fertility and Growth
Trade and Growth
Development and Growth
Financial Development and Growth
Migration and Growth
Endogenous Technological Change
Money and Growth
Political Economy and Growth
Overlapping-Generations Models
Economic Fluctuations. 5-Year Impact Factor: 6.032 (2008)*
Subject Category ''Economics'': Rank 3 of 209 Officially cited as: J Econ Growth
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