Trajectories of Executive Functions and ADHD Symptoms in Preschoolers and the Role of Negative Parental Discipline.

IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Developmental Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-28 DOI:10.1080/87565641.2021.1995736
Eva Kühl, Sanne B Geeraerts, Maja Deković, Kim Schoemaker, Tessa Bunte, Kimberly A Espy, Walter Matthys
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Abstract

In the present study, we investigated whether the longitudinal growth trajectories of executive functions (EF) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are related. In addition, we investigated whether negative discipline moderated these longitudinal relations. The sample consisted of predominantly clinically referred preschoolers (N = 248, age 42-66 months at Time 1; 79.0% boys). Assessment occurred three times: at baseline, at 9 months, and at 18 months. EF was assessed with five EF tasks. ADHD symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5) were reported by parents. Groups of medium to high and low negative discipline were based on mother- and father-reports (Parenting Practices Inventory). Growth curve models showed that EF generally increased and ADHD symptoms generally decreased over time. Parallel process models showed that there was no relation between the change in EF and the change in ADHD symptoms over time, suggesting no co-development. However, higher EF at baseline was related to lower ADHD symptoms at baseline. This was irrespective of whether children were exposed to high or low negative discipline. Overall, the results suggest that, while EF and ADHD symptoms are related, they develop independently across the preschool years.

学龄前儿童执行功能和ADHD症状的发展轨迹及父母负性管教的作用
在本研究中,我们调查了执行功能(EF)的纵向增长轨迹与注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)症状是否相关。此外,我们调查了消极纪律是否调节了这些纵向关系。样本主要由临床转诊的学龄前儿童组成(N = 248,时间1时年龄42-66个月;79.0%的男孩)。评估进行了三次:基线时、9个月时和18个月时。EF通过5个EF任务进行评估。ADHD症状(儿童行为检查表1.5-5)由家长报告。消极管教的中、高、低分组是基于父母的报告(养育实践清单)。生长曲线模型显示,随着时间的推移,EF普遍增加,ADHD症状普遍减少。平行过程模型显示EF的变化与ADHD症状随时间的变化之间没有关系,表明没有共同发展。然而,较高的EF基线与较低的ADHD症状相关。这与儿童受到的消极管教是高还是低无关。总的来说,结果表明,虽然EF和ADHD症状是相关的,但它们在学龄前是独立发展的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Devoted to exploring relationships between brain and behavior across the life span, Developmental Neuropsychology publishes scholarly papers on the appearance and development of behavioral functions, such as language, perception, and social, motivational and cognitive processes as they relate to brain functions and structures. Appropriate subjects include studies of changes in cognitive function—brain structure relationships across a time period, early cognitive behaviors in normal and brain-damaged children, plasticity and recovery of function after early brain damage, the development of complex cognitive and motor skills, and specific and nonspecific disturbances, such as learning disabilities, mental retardation, schizophrenia, stuttering, and developmental aphasia. In the gerontologic areas, relevant subjects include neuropsychological analyses of normal age-related changes in brain and behavioral functions, such as sensory, motor, cognitive, and adaptive abilities; studies of age-related diseases of the nervous system; and recovery of function in later life. Empirical studies, research reviews, case reports, critical commentaries, and book reviews are featured in each issue. By publishing both basic and clinical studies of the developing and aging brain, the journal encourages additional scholarly work that advances understanding of the field of lifespan developmental neuropsychology.
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